灵宝西坡出土朱砂及相关问题研究

On Cinnabar Unearthed from the Xipo Site, Lingbao

灵宝西坡遗址是一处以仰韶文化中期遗存为主的大型聚落,多次在房址和墓葬中发现朱砂遗存。本文对西坡遗址出土朱砂进行了分类梳理,并结合中外民族志和考古材料,对朱砂的功能及含义进行了探讨。朱砂作为特殊媒介在西坡聚落不同的时空环境里表达了不同的含义,这里使用朱砂的现象具有时间上的连续性、礼仪上的传承性,标志着以朱为介质来表达人们思想观念的方式,在仰韶文化中期发展到了较为成熟规范的阶段。色泽鲜艳的朱砂与聚落特定空间的有机结合,使得朱砂本身及其使用环境被赋予独特的社会功能,成为鉴别社会角色和身份差别的重要标识物。

The Xipo site at Lingbao is a large-scale settlement,which mainly dates to the middle period of the Yangshao culture.Cinnabar remains have been unearthed frequently during excavations at Xipo.This article,combining ethnological studies and archaeological data,analyzes cinnabar from the Xipo site,and investigates its function and meaning.Cinnabar was endowed with diverse connotations in different contexts at Xipo.It was utilized at Xipo continuously in chronology and as a legacy,which reveals the beliefs attached.The usage of cinnabar came to its prosperity and became standardized during the middle Yangshao period.The bright colour of cinnabar was integrated with the specific zones at the settlement,which shows cinnabar was embedded with peculiar social functions and could signify social status and differences.