海南百岁老年人健康状况研究

A study of health status in Hainan centenarians

目的评估海南百岁老年人健康状况,比较其性别差异并检验在该人群中是否存在"男女健康-存活悖论"。方法2014年6月至2016年12月,采用横断面调查法,对海南省18市县百岁老年人进行全样本入户调查研究,采集一般人口学、生活方式和健康相关指标等资料,并按照《中国健康老年人标准》2013年修订版评估方法对百岁老年人进行健康多维度评估。结果共计940例百岁老年人纳入本研究,其中男性175例(18.6%),女性765例(81.4%)。健康相关指标中,该人群高血压、糖尿病和血脂紊乱患病率分别为66.1%、9.8%和21.2%,但男女组间患病差异无统计学意义。男性百岁老年人日常生活自理的比例高于女性(41.1%比25.9%)。心理精神指标中,女性痴呆(7.7%比4.0%)和抑郁(33.6%比18.9%)患病率均高于男性。多因素Logistic回归模型发现,在校正一般人口学特征、生活方式和其他健康指标后,女性百岁老年人失能比例、抑郁患病率和睡眠障碍比例均高于男性。结论虽然海南百岁老年人中女性占比高达80%,但女性百岁老年人的整体健康状况不如男性,女性百岁老年人身心健康应得到更多关注。

Objective To evaluate the health status of Hainan centenarians and compare the gender disparity,and to determine whether the'male-female health-survival paradox’is present among them.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on the health status and gender disparity of individuals aged 100 and over in Hainan province from June 2014 to December 2016.Data of sociodemographics,lifestyles as well as health-related parameters were collected.The multi-dimensional health assessment of centenarians was conducted based on the recognition of standard on Chinese healthy elderly in 2013.Results A total of 940 centenarians(men 18.6%,women 81.4%)were included.The prevalences of hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia were 66.1%,9.8%,and 21.2%,respectively,while no significant gender difference was found.Male centenarians were more independent in activity of daily living than did female centenarians(41.1%vs.25.9%,P<0.001).The prevalences of dementia(7.7%vs.4.0%)and depression(33.6%vs.18.9%)were more dominant in females than in males.Multivariate logistic regression showed that the proportions of functional disability,depression and sleep disorders were higher in female centenarians than in male centenarians(P<0.05)after adjusting for general demographic characteristics,lifestyle and other health indicators.Conclusions Although the female proportion dominates the centenarian population,female general health states are worse than male centenarians.More attentions on physical and mental health should be paid to the female centenarians.