高校社区老年人养老需求特征及其影响因素研究——以西安市为例

Research on the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Pension Service Demand in University Community:An empirical study in Xi’an

随着单位制解体、老龄化社会的到来,高校社区由于便利的校园设施和浓厚的文化氛围,成为一种重要的养老社区.基于随时间推移而叠加的社会及物理空间理论,通过利用西安市实地调研数据,运用二元Logistic回归方法对老年人社区养老需求影响因素进行分析,探究高校社区老年人养老需求特征规律.结果表明:高校社区老年人社区养老需求受自评健康、个人月收入、继续学习、高校提供养老服务、老朋友多、返聘需求和志愿服务的显著影响,养老需求表现为对智力刺激、安全感、熟悉感、持续感和生存意义的需要.因此,借鉴美国校园附属型养老社区模式,提出我国高校社区养老模式应发挥政府引导、高校实施、市场参与的作用,通过完善养老设施建设、引入市场机制、高校参与运营、健全社区养老服务体系,响应老年人的养老需求.

With the arrival of the unit system disintegration and the aging society,the university community has become an important old-age community due to the convenient facilities and cultural atmosphere.Based on the Social-Physical Place Over Time theory and the survey data in Xi’an,the paper uses binary logistic regression method to analyze the influencing factors of the elderly people’s community pension demand,and to explore the elderly community service demand characteristics.The results show that the community pension demand of the elderly is significantly affected by self-assessment health,personal monthly income,continuing education,colleges providing care services,old friends,re-employment demand and volunteer services.The demand for pension is expressed as the need for intellectual stimulation,security,familiarity,continuity,and meaning of existence.Therefore,referring to the American university-based retirement community model,it is proposed that the university community pension model should play the role of government guidance,university implementation,and market participation.By improving the construction of pension facilities,introducing market mechanisms,participating in universities,and improving the community pension service system,to respond to the demand for the elderly.