三角帆蚌所育不同颜色珍珠及其相关组织金属元素种类和含量差异分析

Analysis of metallic element types and contents in pearls of different colors and their related tissues in Hyriopsis cumingii

为研究Mn、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Co这6种金属元素对珍珠颜色的影响,选用产自同一养殖池塘的三角帆蚌,比较分析这6种金属元素在内壳色为深紫色、浅紫色和白色的三角帆蚌中分别培育的紫色和白色珍珠中的含量差异,并分析金属元素含量与珍珠L,a,b颜色参数的相关性。结果显示:Mn、Mg、Fe、Co 4种金属元素在深紫色珍珠中均呈现最高含量,在白色珍珠中未检出Fe;Cu除了在三角帆蚌内壳色为浅紫色的珍珠中稍有体现之外,其余组均未检出;Zn在所有颜色珍珠中均未检测出。通过金属元素含量与珍珠颜色参数相关性分析发现,在各颜色育珠蚌组中,所育珍珠的Fe含量均与dE值呈正相关(R2>0.83),Mg含量均与L值呈负相关(R2>0.80),Mn含量则均与a值呈正相关(R2>0.64),仅在深色蚌组中发现,所育珍珠的Co含量与L值的负相关性最高(R2>0.94)。进一步比较分析了深紫色、浅紫色和白色三角帆蚌不同部位外套膜以及间液的金属元素含量,深紫色蚌组不同位点外套膜Fe含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05),1号位点含量最高;不同壳色蚌的2号位点外套膜Mn、Co含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中白色蚌Mn含量显著高于其他两组,深紫色蚌Co含量显著高于其他两组。在白色蚌组的间液中,Mg含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。综上所述,淡水紫色珍珠的颜色深浅与Fe、Mg、Co、Mn含量存在相关性。

In order to study the effects of six metal elements,i.e.Mn,Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn,and Co on the color of pearls,Hyriopsis cumingii from the same breeding pond were selected,and the different shell elements were analyzed for dark purple and light purple.The difference between the purple and white pearls cultivated in the white Hyriopsis cumingii was analyzed,and the correlation between the metal element content and Lab color parameters of the pearl was analyzed.The results showed that:the four metal elements of Mn,Mg,Fe,and Co exhibited the highest content in deep purple pearls,the Fe was not detected in the white pearl;Cu was slightly reflected in the pearl with a light purple inner shell;the other groups were not detected.Zn content was not detected in all color pearls.Correlation analysis between the content of metal elements and the color parameters of pearls showed that the Fe content of the pearls in each color group was positively correlated with the dE value(R2>0.83),and the Mg content was negatively correlated with the L value(R2>0.80).The Mn content was positively correlated with the a value(R2>0.64).Only in the dark color group,the negative correlation between the Co content of the pearl and the L value was the highest(R2>0.94).The contents of metal elements in mantle and interstitial fluid of different parts of Hyriopsis cumingii were further compared and analyzed.There were significant differences in the contents of Fe in mantle at different sites in Hyriopsis cumingii group(P<0.05),and the highest in site 1.There were significant differences in the contents of Mn and Co in mantle of site 2 in different groups of Hyriopsis cumingii(P<0.05).The content of Co in the dark purple mussel was significantly higher than that in the other two groups.There was a significant difference in Mg content in the interstitial fluid of the white mussel groups(P<0.05).The color of freshwater purple pearls is correlated with the contents of Fe,Mg,Co,and Mn.