海岛型乡村旅游地生态系统服务付费测度——基于二分式CVM的四种参数模型和两种非参数模型

Assessment of Payments for Ecosystem Services of Island Rural Tourist Destinations by Four Parameter Approaches and Two Non-Parameter Approaches Based on Dichotomous CVM Technique

发展海岛旅游业是实现海岛乡村振兴的重要途径,然而,海岛型乡村旅游地陆域面积狭小、生态系统脆弱,海岛旅游业可持续发展易受到威胁,需要通过政策工具来解决旅游业发展引起的环境外部性问题。论文运用单边界、双边界二分式条件价值评估法(CVM)和生态系统服务付费(PES)相结合的方法,以山东省长岛风景区为案例地,通过游客调查获取数据,运用logistic、log-logistic、normal、log-normal四种参数模型和Spearman-Karber、thesecondnon-parametric两种非参数模型,定量评估了游客对海岛型乡村旅游地生态系统服务的支付意愿。结果表明:(1)不同的分布假设,支付意愿的结果存在差异,log-logistic和log-normal分布模型比logistic和normal模分布型的拟合度更好,而log-logistic和log-normal分布模型计算出的支付意愿无明显差异;(2)参数模型与非参数模型的结果存在差异。

Developing the island tourism is an important way to realize the strategy of island rural revitalization. However, island rural tourist destinations have small land area and fragile ecosystems. The environmental sustainability of island tourism is being threatened and it is necessary to address environmental problems of external effects associated with tourism through policy tools. Based on single bound and double bound dichotomous contingent valuation methods(CVM) and payments for ecosystem services(PES), the willingness of tourists to pay for ecosystem services of island rural tourist destinations is quantitatively evaluated in Changdao Scenic, Shandong Province. Four parametric approaches such as logistic, log-logistic, normal and log-normal, and two non-parametric approaches such as SpearmanKarber estimator and the second non-parametric estimator were applied using the data through tourist surveys. The results showed that:(1)There were differences in average WTPs of various assumed statistical distributions. In this case, the log-logistic and log-normal parametric approaches had better fit than the logistic and normal parametric models, and there was no significant difference between log-logistic and log-normal parametric approaches.(2)The average WTPs of parametric models were different from the average WTPs of non-parametric models.