环境因子对青云山自然保护区森林群落物种分布的影响

Influences of environmental factors on species distribution in forest community in Wengyuan Qingyunshan Nature Reserve,Guangdong

阐明物种分布与环境因子间的相互关系是深入研究森林群落的基础与前提。本文基于青云山自然保护区14个固定样地的调查数据,通过双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)、冗余分析(RDA)、蒙特卡洛检验(Monte Carlo)、变差分解等方法探讨该区物种分布与环境因子的相互关系。结果表明:(1)TWINSPAN将14个固定样地划分为黧蒴锥+米槠群落、苦竹+硬壳桂群落、广东杜鹃+水仙柯群落、木荷+毛棉杜鹃花群落和杉木+毛竹群落5个群落类型;(2)RDA排序和Monte Carlo检验表明,海拔、土壤全钙、土壤含水量、p H、土壤阳离子交换量和速效磷是影响群落物种分布的主要环境因子;(3)变差分解结果显示,10个环境因子总解释量为85.2%,其中地形因子对物种分布的解释部分为16.2%,土壤因子对物种分布的解释部分为62.3%,地形因子和土壤因子对物种分布共同解释的部分为6.7%,未能解释的部分为14.8%,反映了群落物种分布主要受环境因素的影响,生物间的相互作用及随机因素的影响较小。

Uncovering the relationship between species distribution and environmental factors is the basis and premise for in-depth understanding of forest communities.In this study,14 permanent plots were set up in Qingyunshan Nature Reserve.We used two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN),redundancy analysis(RDA),Monte Carlo test,and variation partitioning to analyze the relationship between plant species distribution and environmental factors.The results showed that:(1)According to the TWINSPAN,14 plots were classified into five communities:Castanopsis fissa+Castanopsis carlesii,Pleioblastus amarus+Cryptocarya chingii,Rhododendron kwangtungense+Lithocarpus naiadarum,Schima superba+Rhododendron moulmainense,and Cunninghamia lanceolata+Phyllostachys edulis communities.(2)The results of RDA and Monte Carlo tests showed that elevation,soil total calcium content,soil water content,soil pH,soil cation exchange capacity and soil available phosphorus were the main environmental factors affectingspecies distribution.(3)Results from variation partitioning showed that these 10 tested factors could explain 85.2%variation of species distribution.Among those factors,topographical,soil factors and their interaction accounted for 16.2%,62.3%and 6.7%of the variation,respectively.14.8%of the variation were unexplained.This result indicated that species distribution was mainly affected by the environmental factors,and less affected by the interaction between organisms and random factors.