配施有机物料对华北小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤节肢动物的影响

Effects of organic material application on soil arthropods in wheat-maize rotation system in North China

为研究有机物料与化肥配合施用对华北潮土区小麦-玉米轮作体系下中小型土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响,在天津市宁河区试验基地设置5个不同施肥处理大田试验,分别为:单施化肥处理(A1),单施生物有机肥处理(A2),化肥与生物有机肥配施处理(A3),化肥与秸秆配施处理(A4),化肥-生物有机肥与秸秆配施处理(A5)。结果表明:整个调查期共获得各类中小型土壤节肢动物1237头,隶属4纲7目36科,真螨目和弹尾目在各处理中均为优势类群,其中真螨目全罗甲螨科(Perlohmanniidae)和弹尾目等节跳科(Isotomidae)为小麦季优势科,真螨目全罗甲螨科和杆棱甲螨科(Mochlozetidae)为玉米季优势科。小麦季,化肥-生物有机肥与秸秆还田(A5)处理的中小型土壤节肢动物总数和多样性指数(H)显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。玉米季,各处理中小型土壤节肢动物总数变化为A5=A4>A2>A3>A1,A4处理的多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数与A1处理具有明显差异(P<0.05)。群落相似性指数分析表明,不同作物季不同施肥处理间土壤动物群落组成异质性较高,相似性系数较低。这表明施肥方式显著影响不同作物田中小型土壤节肢动物群落组成和结构,生物有机肥与秸秆的添加对其数量、多样性指数和丰富度指数的影响效果显著,其中化肥-生物有机肥与秸秆配施方式更有利于土壤动物群落结构的稳定。

To examine the effects of the combined application of organic materials and chemical fertilizer on the community structure of soil meso-and micro-arthropods in wheat-maize rotation system in North China,five different fertilization treatments were carried out in Ninghe District,Tianjin.The treatments included chemical fertilizer application(A1),bio-organic fertilizer application(A2),combined application of chemical and bio-organic fertilizer(A3),chemical fertilizer application with straw returning(A4),combined application of chemical and bio-organic fertilizer with straw returning(A5).The results showed that a total of 1237 soil meso-and microarthropods were recorded,belonging to four classes,seven orders and 36 families.Acariformes and Collembola were dominant groups in all treatments.Perlohmanniidae and Isotomidae were the dominant families in wheat season,while Perlohmanniidae and Mochlozetidae were the dominant families in maize season.Total individual number and diversity index(H)of arthropods in A5treatment were significantly higher than that in other treatments in wheat season(P<0.05).The total individual number of soil meso-and micro-arthropods varied across the treatments with an order of A5=A4>A2>A3>A1.Diversity index,evenness index and richness index of A4 treatment were significantly different from that of A1 treatment in maize season(P<0.05).The results of community similarity analysis showed that community composition heterogeneity of soil animals was high and the similarity coefficient was low in different fertilization treatments.These results indicated that fertilization regimes significantly affected the composition and structure of soil arthropod community.Bio-organic fertilizer application and straw returning significantly affected the abundance,diversity index and richness index of soil animals.The combined application of chemical and bio-organic fertilizer with straw returning was more conducive to the stability of soil animal community structure.