二氧化碳矿物封存技术研究进展

Research progress on mineral carbonation of carbon dioxide

碳捕集与封存技术是应对全球气候变化、减少大气中CO2的重要手段。CO2矿物封存是其中一种最安全、永久且环保的封存方式。本文从矿物封存原理、反应原料、工艺路线及影响因素等方面进行综述。研究表明,CO2矿物封存受压力、温度、pH值、粒径以及原料等因素影响较大;不同工艺的碳封存能力及运行成本不同,其中湿法碳化工艺最具工业化应用前景;众多碳封存原料中,工业碱性废弃物反应活性高、成本低、易获取,是较理想的碳封存原料;矿物封存虽然前景广阔,但目前仍处于实验阶段。本文为应对气候变化技术的选取提供了参考。今后的研究应从以下几个方面加强:提升CO2分离提纯技术,改进碳化封存工艺,加快矿物碳化速率,降低碳捕捉与封存成本,推动矿物封存技术实现大规模商业化应用。

Carbon capture and storage(CCS)technology is an important way to cope with global climate change and reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide.Among all the technology,mineral carbonation technology(MCT)is the most safe,permanent,and environment-friendly way.We summarized MCT from the aspects of the reaction principle,raw materials,technical routes and impact factors.Mineral storage is greatly affected by pressure,temperature,pH,particle size,and raw materials.Each process differs in carbon storage capacity and operation cost.Wet carbonization process is the most promising one for industrialization.Among all the carbon storage materials,industrial alkaline waste is an ideal carbon storage material due to its high reactivity,low cost and easy access.Although MCT has a promising future,it is still at the laboratory research stage.This review will provide reference for the selection of technologies coping with climate change.Future research should be strengthened from the following aspects:upgrading CO2 separation and purification technology,improving carbonization storage technology,accelerating the rate of carbonization reaction,reducing carbon capture and storage costs,and promoting large-scale commercial application of mineral carbonation technology.