广东省精神科护士工作倦怠状况调查

An investigation of job burnout of psychiatric nurses in hospitals in Guangdong Province, China

目的了解广东省精神科护士工作倦怠现状,为不同护士进行针对性管理提供依据。方法采用职业倦怠普适量表(MBI-GS)对广东省48所医院的669名精神科护士进行调查。结果669名精神科护士职业倦怠总均分为(2.46±0.94)分,各维度均分按照高低依次为:成就感低落维度得分(3.31±1.33)分,其中>40岁、护龄≥15年、高级职称、病区主要收治对象为重性精神障碍患者、病区要求留陪护的精神科护士成就感低落得分较高(P<0.05);情绪耗竭维度得分(2.12±1.29)分,其中未婚、≤30岁、护龄≤5年、高级职称、值夜班、三级医院、教研岗位精神科护士情绪衰竭得分较高(P<0.05);玩世不恭维度得分(1.60±1.39)分,其中≤30岁、护龄6~15年、大专及以上文化程度、初级职称、三级医院、病区主要收治对象为重性精神障碍患者、教研岗位的精神科护士玩世不恭得分较高(P<0.05)。结论广东省精神科护士总体职业倦怠程度较低,但个人成就感倦怠程度相对严重。不同环境和个人特征的精神科护士职业倦怠程度差异较大,应针对性进行管理。

Objective To explore job burnout of psychiatric nurses in Guangdong Province,and seek evidence for improving quality of nursing administration.Methods Totally 669 nurses from 48 hospitals or institutions in Guangdong Province were recruited in this cross-sectional study.Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS)was applied to examine the job burnout of participants via an internet-based investigating platform.Results The scores of MBI-GS was(2.46±0.94),the scores of sub-scale were:a)sense of achievement(3.31±1.33),corresponding risk factors were age over 40,length of being psychiatric nurses was 15 years or longer,senior job title,facing severe mentally ill patients,and opening ward(P<0.05);b)emotion exhaustion(2.12±1.29),corresponding risk factors were unmarried,aged between 18 to 30 years,low length of being psychiatric nurses(≤5 years),senior job title,night shift,tertiary hospitals,engaging in nursing education and research(P<0.05);c)cynicism(1.60±1.39),corresponding risk factors were aged between 18 to 30 years,low length of being psychiatric nurses(6 to 15 years),collage degree or above,junior job title,tertiary hospital,facing severe mentally ill patients,and engaging in nursing education and research(P<0.05).Conclusion The general job burnout degree of psychiatric nurses in hospitals in Guangdong Province was low,but sense of achievement of job burnout was relatively critical.The job burnout degree of psychiatric nurses was associated with occupational environment and personal characteristics,suggesting job burnout should be improved accordingly.