中国旅游学者学术产出的性别差异:基于《旅游学刊》的载文研究

Gender Differences in Academic Output of Chinese Tourism Scholars: Based on Literatures Published in Tourism Tribune

女性旅游学者逐渐崭露头角,但与男性学者在学术产出方面仍存在很大差异,然而该方面研究缺乏关注。文章利用混合研究方法,选取2000-2016年《旅游学刊》载文作为样本,对学术成果中的性别差异进行分析。研究发现,中国女性旅游学者即将成为旅游研究领域的主要群体;女性旅游学者的发文数量比例低于男性学者;目前定量方法已成为中国旅游研究中的主流,擅长定性研究的女性学者在实证主义范式下较难发挥自己的优势;女性旅游学者和男性旅游学者关注的话题差异较大,前者倾向于关注旅游发展中的社会问题,后者倾向于关注旅游发展实践中的问题。旅游学科发展、就业性别歧视、学业认真程度、旅游教育的性别结构、中国传统文化、旅游研究实践对性别差异的影响不容忽视。总体来说,男性在中国的旅游研究中占绝对主导地位,女性旅游学者的研究成果从快速增长到了稳定发展的阶段,但在学术界仍存在较大的性别差异。

In the field of tourism research in China,the development of higher education and tourism education has greatly increased the opportunities for women to receive tourism academic education,and increasing number of female scholars have paid attention to tourism research,exerting an increasing influence.However,huge differences and even inequalities still exist between female and male scholars.Foreign scholars have paid attention to the weak position of female scholars in the tourism academia.Their studies have shown that the number of female scholars holding important positions in the tourism academic journals,international conferences and international tourism academic organizations is less than that of male scholars,which implies under-representation of female scholars.Currently,research in gender differences in Chinese tourism research field lacks attention.In this paper,a mixed research method approach is used to analyze the gender differences in academic output of tourism scholars by selecting articles published in Tourism Tribune from 2000 to 2016 as samples.This article makes a quantitative analysis of the gender differences in the author structure,the number of authors,the number of literatures,the methods adopted and the research themes.This paper also selects some scholars for semi-structured interviews to further explore the influence factors of gender differences in academic output.The analysis shows that gender differences exist in the tourism academic output.Chinese female tourism scholars are younger than male tourism scholars,and will soon become the main group in the research field.The number of female tourism scholars’output is always less than the number of male scholars.According to the tourism research methods used,the quantitative method has become the mainstream in Chinese tourism research.This situation makes female scholars who often adopt qualitative research are more difficult to display their advantages under the positivist paradigm.From the perspective of research themes,female and male tourism scholars pay attention to different topics.The former tends to focus on social issues in tourism development,while the latter tends to focus on tourism development practices.According to the summary of the the interviews,the development of tourism discipline,gender discrimination in employment,academic earnestness,gender structure of tourism education,Chinese traditional culture,gender differences in tourism research practices and other factors all play a role in making the differences.Overall,Males dominate the tourism academia in China.The academic output of female tourism scholars has grown from rapid growth to stable.However,gender inequality still exists in academia.Female tourism scholars have broken through the threshold of academic career and will become the main force in China’s tourism academia in the future.However,they are also facing severe academic career difficulties.How to correctly understand gender differences and guide women’s career planning is a major challenge for the development of tourism academia.