《大学生创业意向问卷》编制及对创业教育的启示

The Establishment of College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire and Its Enlightenment to Entrepreneurship Education

为解析当前我国大学生创业意向的结构与特征,基于意识渐进性理论编制了《大学生创业意向问卷》。研究发现大学生创业意向按意识性由低到高可分成三个维度,即内隐倾向、外显倾向、创业行为。所编制的问卷有良好的信度,前后测的总体创业意向显著相关,重测信度系数r=0.869,p<0.01;反映内部一致性信度的Cronbachα系数为0.879。问卷有良好的效度,有创业经历的大学生总体创业意向显著高于无创业经历的大学生。在校大学生在内隐倾向和外显倾向维度上平均得分显著低于已毕业正在创业的大学生。运用该问卷可测评大学生在不同意识性层面创业意向的现状与特征,依据创业意向意识性渐进发展的三个维度可开发相应的创业教育课程。

In order to understand the structure and characteristics of contemporary college students’ entrepreneurial intentions,the writer constructed the "College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire" based on the gradual consciousness theory.The study finds that college students’ entrepreneurial intention can be divided into three dimensions from the low to high consciousness, namely implicit tendency,explicit tendency and entrepreneurial behavior.The questionnaire has good reliability(r=0.869,p<0.01,The Cronbach α coefficient which reflecting the internal consistency reliability was 0.879).The overall entrepreneurial intentions of pretest and post-test have significant relevance.The questionnaire also has good validity.In regard to the overall entrepreneurial intention,the one of college students with entrepreneurial experience is significantly higher than that of college students without entrepreneurial experience.The undergraduates’ implicit tendency and explicit tendency are significantly lower than that of graduates who have started a business.This questionnaire can be used to measure the status quo and characteristics of college students’ entrepreneurial intentions at different levels of consciousness.According to the three dimensions of entrepreneurial intentional gradual development,the corresponding entrepreneurship education courses can be developed.