我国基层警察执法权范围界定之原则

Principles for Defining the Scope of Grassroots Police’s Law Enforcement Power in China

国家运行过程中,一方面要通过保障警察权的主动性、及时性、有效性、强制性来实现其职能,保障社会治安有序运行;另一方面建设现代化法治文明进程中,"国退民进"为历史趋势。如何将二者统一于当下的社会现实,从而达到理想的平衡状态是学界关注的热点问题。摒弃了单一的"警察权扩张"与"警察权限制"两种理论后,在我国社会现实背景之下,警察权配置的第一层次即基层警察执法范围边界的确定应当坚持六个基本原则,分别为:保护公民基本权利原则、相应性原则、警察权行政权性质确定原则、司法控制原则、程序正义原则以及"公""私"有别原则。

While a state is in operation,on the one hand,it needs to realize its function to maintain social order through guaranteeing the initiative,promptness,effectiveness and enforceability of police power,but on the other hand,"to restrict state power and protect citizens’rights"has become a historical trend in the process of modern legal civilization.In present social reality,how to achieve an ideal balance between fulfillment of police power and protection for citizens’rights is a hot issue interested by the academia.After pointing out the ideas of"expansion of police power"and"restriction on police power"are one-sided,this paper proposes that,against China’s present social background,we should adhere to six basic principles in determining the first-level allocation of police power,namely the boundary for the scope of grassroots police’s law enforcement power.These principles include the principle for protection of citizens’basic rights,the principle of correspondence,the principle of determining the nature of police power as administrative power,the principle of judicial control,the principle of procedural justice,and the principle to differentiate"public law","public power"from"private law"and"private right".