新疆某水泥厂袋装车间粉尘危害现状调查及控制改造

Current situation investigation and control transformation of dust hazard in bagging workshop in a cement plant of Xinjiang

目的 为解决水泥生产企业袋装车间粉尘职业危害严重这一问题,通过水泥包装车间通风除尘系统改造,有效控制和降低水泥包装车间粉尘职业危害。方法 2017年10月以新疆某水泥生产企业袋装车间为研究对象,采用定点采样法,进行现场卫生学调查和现场粉尘浓度及粉尘中游离二氧化硅(SiO2)含量检测,采用罩口风速测定法、风管内平均风速测定法对包装车间气流组织进行研究。结果 包装车间总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘平均浓度分别为182.30和31.02 mg/m3,插袋工总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘平均浓度分别为17.39和4.30 mg/m3,水泥粉尘(总粉尘、呼吸性粉尘)短时间接触检测结果均超过职业卫生接触限值的要求。半密闭罩内气流组织分析,总进风量为13 157.64 m3/h,总排风量为17 544.57 m3/h,半密闭罩内虽然形成了一个负压场,但气流组织呈紊流状态,造成粉尘的积聚。2018年5月通过对包装车间半密闭罩形状改造、增加新风装置和排风口改造,气流组织效果良好,降低了插袋岗位的职业病危害。结论 水泥厂水泥粉尘职业危害超标,通过分析水泥包装车间通风除尘效果不理想问题,研究提出通风系统改造的设计方案,达到水泥插袋岗位粉尘控制目的,为开展水泥包装车间粉尘治理技术改造提供了依据。

Objective To solve the problem of serious occupational hazard of dust in bagging workshop of cement production enterprise,effectively control and reduce the occupational hazards of dust in the cement packing workshop through the transformation of the ventilation and dust removal system in the cement packing workshop.Methods In October 2017,the bagging workshop of a cement production enterprise in Xinjiang was selected as the research object.By fixed-point sam pling,the field hygiene investigation and detection of field dust concentration and the content of free silica(S iO2)in the dust were performed.Study on the air distribution of packaging workshop was conducted by measurement of wind speed at the hood and measurement of average wind speed in air duct.Results The average concentrations of total dust and respirable dust in the packaging workshop were respectively 182.30 and 31.02 mg/m3,the average concentrations of total dust and respirable dust of bagging workers were 17.39 and 4.30 mg/m3,and the results of short term exposure of cement dust(total dust,respirable dust)exceeded the occupational health exposure limit.Analysis of air distribution in semi closed hood showed that the total air intake was 13157.64 m3/h and the total air exhaust was 17544.57 m3/h.Although a negative pressure field is formed in the semi closed hood,the air distribution is turbulent,resulting in dust accumulation.In May 2018,through the transformation of the shape of the semi airtight cover in the packaging workshop,the addition of fresh air devices and the transformation of the air outlet,the air distribution effect was good,and the occupational hazards of the bagging post were reduced.Conclusion Occupational hazards of cement dust in cement plant exceed the standard.Based on the analysis of the poor ventilation and dust removal in the cement packing workshop,the design scheme of the ventilation system transformation is put forward,which can achieve the dust control purpose of the cement bagging post and provide the basis for the dust control technology transformation of the cement packing workshop.