山东农村中年女性绝经综合征与生殖衰老分期、人格和正念的关系

Menopausal syndrome associated with menopausal transition, neuroticism and mindfulness in rural middle-aged women in Shandong Province

目的了解比较绝经前期、围绝经期和绝经后期的农村中年女性绝经综合征发生情况,探讨绝经综合征与神经质人格和正念的关系。方法采用绝经评定量表(MRS)、大五人格量表(TIPI-C)的神经质维度、正念注意觉知量表(MAAS)和一般资料调查表在山东省农村地区对836名中年女性进行问卷调查。结果调查的836名女性中,绝经前期、围绝经期和绝经后期绝经综合征的发生率分别为54.1%、65.2%和70.9%;绝经综合征的得分分别为6.56±5.72、8.46±6.58和9.28±7.13。Logistic回归结果显示,年龄(OR=1.051, 95%CI为1.004~1.099)、慢性疾病(OR=2.705, 95%CI为1.912~3.828)、妇科疾病(OR=3.007, 95%CI为1.953~4.631)和神经质(OR=1.204, 95%CI为1.116~1.299)是绝经综合征发生的危险因素,正念(OR=0.941, 95%CI为0.926~0.956)是绝经综合征的保护因素。结论农村中年女性绝经综合征发生率较高,且发生率在绝经前期、围绝经期和绝经后期依次增高;多关注高神经质水平的女性,提高女性正念水平是减轻绝经综合征的有效措施。

Objective To evaluate and compare the incidence of menopausal syndrome in pre-, peri-and post-menopausal women in rural areas, and to examine the association with neuroticism and mindfulness. Methods The Menopause Rating Scale(MRS), neuroticism subscale of TIPI-C, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS) and the general questionnaire were used to investigate 836 middle-aged women in Shandong rural area. Results The incidence of menopausal syndrome in pre-, peri-and post-menopausal women was 54.1%, 65.2% and 70.9%, respectively. The score of menopausal syndrome in the above status was 6.56±5.72, 8.46±6.58 and 9.28±7.13, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age(OR=1.051, 95%CI: 1.004-1.099), chronic diseases(OR=2.705, 95%CI:1.912-3.828), gynecologic diseases(OR=3.007, 95%CI: 1.953-4.631), and neuroticism(OR=1.204, 95%CI: 1.116-1.299) were risk factors of menopausal syndrome, while mindfulness(OR=0.941, 95%CI: 0.926-0.956) was the protective factor. Conclusion The incidence of menopausal syndrome is common in rural middle-aged women, which is the highest in post-menopausal women, followed by peri-and pre-menopausal women. Due attention should be paid to middle-aged women with high neuroticism, and improving the level of mindfulness may be an effective way to alleviate menopausal syndrome.