海口市美兰区小学生视力现况及影响因素分析

Current status of vision and its influencing factors among primary students in Meilan district of Haikou city

目的调查海口市美兰区小学生视力不良状况及影响因素,为预防小学生视力不良提供科学依据。方法对海口市美兰区3所小学的2085名3~5年级小学生进行视力检查和问卷调查,采用多因素logistic逐步回归分析小学生视力不良的影响因素。结果海口市美兰区小学生视力不良检出率为36.7%,其中轻度视力不良率16.5%,中度视力不良率15.0%,重度视力不良率5.2%。多因素logistic逐步回归分析显示女生(OR=1.265),≥四年级(OR=1.539),读写坐姿不良(OR=2.563),用眼习惯不良(OR=3.408),课外读写时间≥2 h/d(OR=1.721),荧屏接触时间≥1 h/d(OR=1.468),连续学习时间≥1 h(OR=1.415)是小学生视力不良的独立危险因素,户外活动时间≥2 h/d(OR=0.630),规范做眼保健操(OR=0.605)是视力不良的保护因素。结论海口市美兰区小学生视力不良与多种外部环境因素有关,视力不良防控重点应放在纠正错误读写坐姿和不良用眼习惯、减轻学业负担,促进户外活动和规范眼保健操等方面。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of poor vision among pupils in Meilan district of Haikou city,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention of poor vision in pupils.Methods Visual activity test and a questionnaire survey were performed among 2,085 pupils from grades 3-5 in 3 primary schools in Meilan district of Haikou city.Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors affecting poor vision in the primary students.Results The detection rate of poor vision in the primary students in Meilan district of Haikou city was 36.7%,of which the detection rates of mild,moderate and severe poor vision were 16.5%,15.0%and 5.2%,respectively.Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that girls(OR=1.265),grades≥4(OR=1.539),poor reading and writing posture(OR=2.563),bad habit of using eyes(OR=3.408),extracurricular reading and writing time≥2 h/d(OR=1.721),screen contact time≥1 h/d(OR=1.468),continuous learning time≥1 h(OR=1.415)were independent risk factors for poor vision in the primary school students,while outdoor activity time≥2 h/d(OR=0.630)and performing eye exercises regularly(OR=0.605)were protective factors for poor vision.Conclusions Poor vision of the pupils in Meilan district of Haikou city is related to a variety of external environmental factors.Prevention and control of poor vision should focus on correcting poor reading and writing posture and bad habit of using eyes,alleviating the study load,promoting outdoor activities and standardizing eye exercises.