北方缺水城市河流健康评价指标体系研究

Study on the urban river health evaluation index system in the water-deficit areas of northern China

河流是人类文明的发源地,也是城市的载体。一个健康的城市河流是保证其生态系统正常运转和实现社会经济价值的前提。基于城市河流的概念和内涵,从河流水文水质、物理结构完整性、生物多样性、社会经济等4个方面构建了16个指标的城市河流健康评价指标体系。并结合结构熵权法和模糊综合评价模型进行评价,以潮白河为例,将潮白河分为下游冲洪积扇河流段(密云水库—向阳闸)和冲积平原河流段(向阳闸—苏庄闸),根据两段具体情况分析区域独特性,分别侧重水质、水量进行健康评价。结果表示:下游冲洪积扇河流段评价结果为(0.1937,0.2149,0.2146,0.3478,0.0290),处于较差健康状态,主要影响因素为水量、鱼类种类和河流联通性等;冲积平原河流段(0.2321,0.1972,0.3180,0.2527,0),处于中健康状态,水质状况、营养物质循环和底栖动物多样性等是主要影响因素。该指标体系可为其他北方缺水地区城市河流的健康评价研究工作提供一定的基础。

River is the birthplace of human civilization and the carrier of city.A healthy urban river is a prerequisite for ensuring the proper functioning of its ecosystem and achieving its socio-economic value.Based on the concept and connotation of urban rivers,16 indicators of urban river health evaluation index system were constructed from four aspects(i.e.river hydrology,physical structure integrity,biodiversity and social economy,and the structural entropy weight method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model),which were combined to evaluate it.Taking Chaobai river as an example,it is divided into downstream alluvial fan river section(from Miyun reservoir to Xiangyang gate)and alluvial plain river section(from Xiangyang gate to Su Zhuang gate).According to the specific conditions and regional uniqueness of the two sections,health evaluation focusing on water quality and water quantity was analyzed.The results show that the evaluation of the downstream alluvial fan section(0.1937,0.2149,0.2146,0.3478,0.0290)are in poor health,and the main influencing factors are water quantity,fish species and river connectivity;alluvial plain river section(0.2321,0.1972,0.3180,0.2527,0)are in a moderate health,and water quality,nutrient cycling and benthic diversity are considered to be the main influencing factors.This indicator system can provide a basis for the health evaluation research work of other urban rivers in the water-deficient areas of northern China.