江西省蜱虫种群分布特征

Distribution of ixodid ticks in Jiangxi Province

目的调查江西省蜱虫种群分布。方法采用形态学鉴定,对于形态鉴定存在争议的,采用分子生物学鉴定。结果在植被中采集到6种蜱虫,即长角血蜱、血红扇头蜱、越原血蜱、北岗血蜱、中华硬蜱和金泽革蜱。长角血蜱为优势种,占总蜱数的90.6%,越原血蜱和北岗血蜱是江西省新纪录种。蜱虫在草地中多见,占总采集数的68.2%,林地占9.4%,灌木丛占1.2%。从发育阶段来看,幼若蜱居多,分别占19.1%和68.2%,成虫较少,雌性占6.6%,雄性占6.0%。在宿主体表采集到1 513只蜱虫,归为4属13种,为长角血蜱、铃头血蜱、褐黄血蜱、钝刺血蜱、越原血蜱、北岗血蜱、豪猪血蜱、血红扇头蜱、镰形扇头蜱、微小扇头蜱、粒形硬蜱、中华硬蜱和龟形花蜱,龟形花蜱是江西省新纪录种。长角血蜱是江西省常见种(占总采集数的30.5%)和广布种。长角血蜱寄主广泛,其中野兔体表常见,侵害率为33.3%,犬体表较少见,侵害率为2.3%(χ^2=23.68,P=0.001 3)。此外,侵害野兔的长角血蜱占总长角血蜱总数的64%,远高于其他寄主。侵害宿主的蜱虫中,幼虫347只,占22.9%;若虫249只,占16.5%;雄虫404只,占26.7%;雌虫513只,占33.9%,性别均匀。结论本文首次报道了江西省蜱虫种群分布特征,将为该地区蜱虫防控提供重要参考。

Objective To investigate the tick population distribution in Jiangxi. Methods Tick species were identified based on morphological features in combination with molecular methods. Results Six tick species including Haemaphysalis longicornis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Haemaphysalis yeni, Haemaphysalis kitaokai, Ixodes sinensis and Dermacentor auratus were collected from the vegetation. H. longicornis was most abundant tick species, accounting for 90.6% of the total ticks. H. yeni and H. kitaokai were newly recorded tick species in Jiangxi Province. Tick presence was mostly in grassland(89.4%), fewer in woodland(9.4%) and shrubs(1.2%). Nymphs(68.2%) and larvae(19.1%) were more frequently found than adults, females(6.6%) and males(6.0%). On hosts,a total of 1 513 ticks, belonging to 13 species and four genera,were collected. These were H. longicornis, Haemaphysalis campanulata, Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis doenitzi, H.yeni, H. kitaokai,Haemaphysalis hystricis, R. sanguineus(s.l.), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, Rhipicephalus microplus, Ixodes granulatus, I.sinensis and Amblyomma testudinarium. A.testudinarium was a newly recorded tick species in Jiangxi Province. H. longicornis was the most frequently collected species(30.5%) and widely distributed tick species of the total collection ticks(in 11 sampling sites). H. longicornis had a broad host range and its presence(hosts with at least one tick) was significantly greater on Lepus sinensis(33.3%) than on Canis familiaris(2.3%)(χ^2=23.68, P=0.001 3). In addition,the number of H. longicornis collected on Leoys sinensis(64.0%) was higher than on other host groups. Of all ticks collected on hosts, different developmental stages were obtained, including 347 larvae(22.9%),249 nymphs(16.5%), 404 males(26.7%) and 513 females(33.9%) and sex distribution was relatively uniform. Conclusion This is the first report documenting the distribution of tick species in Jiangxi Province, proving reference for tick control in this region.