语境知识对非母语汉语学习者礼貌性请求话语选择的影响:实验语用学研究

The Impact of Context Knowledge on the Choice of Polite Request Discourse by Non-native Chinese Learners: An Experimental Pragmatic Study

文化间际语用学认为,语境表征两个方面的世界知识,分别称作先前语境知识和即时语境知识,这两方面知识都对不同文化间交际中的二语学习者产生影响。本研究依据文化间际语用学理论,通过设计若干组实验得到的数据,对非母语汉语学习者在使用汉语进行交际时,先前语境知识与即时语境知识对礼貌性请求话语选择的影响进行探究。实验结果表明,先前语境知识和即时语境知识共同影响非母语汉语学习者对礼貌性请求话语的选择,但影响不尽相同:先前语境知识对低水平汉语学习者的选择产生凸显影响;相反,即时语境知识对高水平汉语学习者的选择产生凸显影响。本研究对于拓宽礼貌研究的路径及其为对外汉语教学与研究提供一定的借鉴和启示。

Intercultural pragmatics claims that context represents two aspects of world knowledge called prior context knowledge and actual situational knowledge. Both of them make an impact on second language learners in intercultural communication. Based on the theory of intercultural pragmatics,this study aims at exploring howprior context knowledge and actual situational context knowledge affect non-native Chinese learners’ choices of polite request discourse when they use Chinese in interactions by designing a series of pragmatic experiments and drawing on data from them. The results reveal that both prior context and actual situational context knowledge jointly affect the choices of polite request discourse,but in different ways. The prior context knowledge plays a prominent role in the choice of use among lower-level learners;on the contrary,actual situational context knowledge plays a prominent role in the choice of use among advanced-level learners. The present study can provide some references and implications for broad-ening ways of politeness research as well as for teaching and research of Chinese as a foreign language.