当西方遇见东方：东方管理理论研究综述

West Meets East:A Literature Review of Oriental Management Research

"东方管理"概念自提出以来,其存在的合法性一直遭受质疑。本文对东方管理理论进行了梳理,系统阐述其定义、研究边界、研究方法及传统文化与东方管理的关系,发现东方管理思想符合现代企业的发展规律,表现出时代性和先进性,与西方管理有着较为明显的差异。东方管理研究方法从早期人文主义研究向科学实证主义发展,研究内容多元化,取得了一定的成绩。但目前还未形成完整的理论体系,范式和方法论的发展没有取得重要突破,对国际核心管理理论影响较弱。未来研究应立足于东方社会文化情境,分析东西方管理理论的异同,探寻东方文化背景下管理理论和企业实践规律,建构东方管理理论体系。

The emergence of the Western Scientific Management theory brings new possibilities and opportunities for enterprise, it plays a very important role in improving management level and operating efficiency. Since "Western Management" is deeply popular and impressive over the world, the concept of "Oriental Management" has been criticized and questioned since it was put forward. Based on this issue, this paper aims to systematically combs the history of the Oriental Management theory and conducts in-depth analysis, concept, theory boundary, research method and cultural origin are elaborated to demonstrate the legitimacy and necessity of the Oriental Management theory.Origin, Boundary and Methodology In early 1970 s, the wisdom and experiences of eastern management have been widely explored and appreciated by scholars at home and abroad. The rise of the concept of "Oriental Management" means that the research about eastern management practice and ideas began to enter a new stage of school development and system construction. Based on the previous literature, this paper believes that Oriental Management is rooted in the eastern culture and essence of eastern management ideas and refined to form a set of theoretical system. The research boundary of Oriental Management should be an area based on oriental culture and wisdom that can explain management issues and provide effective suggestions for management practices. From the perspective of methodology, the research methods of Oriental Management have developed from humanism to scientific positivism, and both qualitative research and empirical research are used, showing the feature of scientificity and diversity.Culture and Oriental Management Through the in-depth analysis of cultural differences, it is found that the eastern management ideas which come from eastern culture and philosophy, attaches great importance to ethics and morality,emphasizes balance and unity, and presents the characteristics of integrity and harmony which are obviously different from Western Management.The quintessence of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Mohism and military thought of Sun Tzu in ancient China deeply influenced the values and behavior mode of eastern society, provided good reference for theory and practice of Oriental Management. At the same time, it is showed that the ideas of Oriental Management conform to the rule and tendency of modern enterprise development. The Oriental Management theory has distinguished itself from the Western in timeness and practicality.Therefore, the legitimacy of Oriental Management is reasonable and incontrovertible.Future Directions Since 1970 s, Oriental Management researchers have made some achievements in theory construction, discipline development and talent cultivation. However, Oriental Management research is still in the initial stage, the theoretical system has not been completely constructed, and there is little important breakthrough in paradigm and methodology. All the above shortages make Oriental Management have a weak impact on the international core management theory. Therefore, this paper suggests that future research in the Oriental Management field should be based on the eastern social and cultural situation, the similarities and differences between Oriental and Western Management theories should be analyzed, the theory and practice rules under the eastern culture should be explored, and an integrated theoretical system should be constructed.