从《焦氏易林》看汉代人的“西域”认知

Viewing the cognition of "Western Region" by Han Dynasty from the perspective of "Jiao Shi Yi lin"(《焦氏易林》)

在《焦氏易林》成书的时代,"西域"概念开始被汉代人提出,西域开始进入汉代人的视野。汉朝在与西域诸国的频繁接触中,对西域有了更深入的了解。在这一时代背景下,带有浓厚民间文化色彩的《焦氏易林》也有对"西域"的丰富认知。《焦氏易林》对"安息""康居""大宛""乌孙"的相关记载,展现的是汉代人有关西域的政治地理与民族地理认知,体现了汉代人以"西域"为参照对象的强烈的民族意识和国家意识。对"昆仑""玉山""玉泉""玉门""玉关"与"西王母"的相关记载,展现的是汉代人有关"西域"的自然地理和文化地理认知。这种认知不局限于科学知识层面,更多是在深层文化价值信仰结构层面对"西域"的一种体认。

When the book"Jiao Shi Yi Lin"finished,the concept of"Western Region"began to be proposed by people in the Han Dynasty,and then the Western Region began to enter the vision of the people in the Han Dynasty.The Han Dynasty had a deeper understanding of the Western Region through its frequent contacts with the Western states.Under this background,the"Jiao Shi Yi Lin",a book with strong folk culture also had a rich understanding of the"Western Region"."Anxi"(安息),"Kangju"(康居),"Dawan"(大宛),"Wusun"(乌孙)recorded in the book"Jiao Shi Yi Lin"showed the well recognition in political geography and national geography of Western Region in the Han Dynasty.It also reflected that people in the Han Dynasty used the"Western Region"as a comparable object suggesting the strong Han Dynasty national identity and national consciousness within the Han Dynasty.The related records of"Kunlun","Yushan","Yuquan","Yumen","Yuguan"and"Western Queen"indicated the knowledge of natural geography and cultural geography of the"Western Region"among the people of the Han Dynasty.This knowledge is not limited to the science,but more to the profound cultural value and belief on the cognition of the"Western Region".