日本宪法学说史特色一脉——有贺长雄及其理论渊源

Ariga Nagao’s Constitutional Theory and Its Theoretical Origin

明治日本知识精英有贺长雄在欧洲留学期间系统学习了德国法学家石泰因的宪法理论,回国后通过著书立说的方式,以石泰因学说为基础逐步构建起自身一套理论体系,由此跻身为日本第一批宪法学者的行列,并为石泰因学说的导入传播起到了重要作用。另一方面,由于他具有在明治政府中枢机构多年任职的履历,对于政府高层的制宪意图与体制运作构想,相较同时代其他宪法学者有更多的切身理解;而且,通过进一步考察不难发现,他的这套理论在很大程度上体现了伊藤博文施政观的内容,可以说构建这套理论的一大初衷,是为了配合伊藤博文当时推行的超然主义政策,而这些渊源特征也使该理论成为日本宪法学说史别具特色的一脉。

Ariga Nagao had extensively studied Lorenz von Stein’s Constitutional science when he was in Europe.After he came back to Japan,Ariga established his own constitutional thoughts based on Stein’s theory.He thus became one of the first generation Constitutional scholars and spread Stein’s theories in Meiji Japan.Meanwhile,he had served in the government for more than ten years and known much better than other scholars about the constitutional design within the government.In fact,his ideas were similar to those of Ito Hirobumi and were originally designed for Ito’s"Aloofism".