数据流通理论 数据资源权利配置的基础

Data Sharing Theory The Foundation for Legal Arrangement of Data Resource

数据的价值在于认知世界,大数据和人工智能改变了获取和分析数据的手段,使人类有了新的知识和智慧供给方式。各数据控制者掌握的碎片化的数据只有不断流动、汇聚、结合用于各种目的的数据分析,才能实现其价值,满足智能分析需求。数据流通实现了数据社会化利用,形成数据经济的内核。数据流通本质上是数据使用许可,涵盖一对一许可、一对众许可和相互许可三种方式,三种许可全面构筑了数据社会化利用的模式。个人数据和非个人数据均具有可流通性,关键在于法律上认可数据控制者具有许可使用的法律能力。在没有法律明确赋权的情形下,基于数据的事实控制使数据控制者具有事实上的数据使用权,可以开启数据流通之门。关键在于需要法律明确数据控制(使用)合法性判断规则和数据流通利用的责任规则。

The value of data is to interpret or analyze the world and provides knowledge or wisdom.Big data and artificial intelligence*however,provide a new way for human being to form knowledge or wisdom with intelligent analysis.Data sharing is necessary for data value realization in that intelligent analysis is based on data sets about one object which are collected and aggregated from fragmented data held by different controllers.Data sharing isin essencethe core of data economy for achieving social utilization of data.Data sharing is implemented through data use licensing,including one to one licensing,one to mass licensing,and cross licensing.These three licenses draw the outline of social utilization of data.Data is sharable or transferable regardless personal data or non-personal data.The key issue is that the data controller's ability to use data is affirmed by law.Even without expression in law a data controller has data use right to give the data licensing based on the control fact,which will open the door of data sharing.However,it is necessary to establish the legal rules for judging the legality of data control and use as well as assuming accountability.