讽刺画、预警器和烟幕弹——对国内假新闻研究的反思与重构(1980-2018)

Caricature, Annunciator and Smoke Grenade: The Reflection and Reconstruction of Fake News Study in China(1980-2018)

假新闻虽然不可信,但它并不可怕,有时它显得可笑,有时它显得可悲,更多时候它是可以理解的。本文无意为假新闻翻案,而是在对既往研究成果进行梳理和反思的基础上,从新闻社会学视角对上个世纪80年代以来有据可查的275条国内假新闻进行再剖析与再审视,借助类型研究的方法从三个向度去思考其中所蕴含的深层次内涵:(1)它们如何折射出值得关注的社会问题?(2)它们如何暴露出值得警醒的集体潜意识和大众心理?(3)它们如何被权力机构操纵成为掩人耳目的工具?总之,假新闻中有真问题,值得进行更深入的开掘。

Fake news is unbelievable,but it’s not terrible.Sometimes it seems ridiculous,other times lamentable,but most of the time it’s understandable.This article doesn’t mean to embellish the fake news,but try to revaluate the former research about the fake news,and rethink the inner meanings of the fake news by the perspective of sociology of news in three dimensions:(1)the real social problems that the fake news reflected;(2)the collective consciousness and mass psychology that the fake news revealed;(3)how did the power manipulate the fake news to achieve their particular goals.After all,the real problems that exist in the fake news deserve further research.