成都市（新都）家具园区企业工人职业卫生认知和行为调查

Investigation on occupational health cognition and behavior of workers in Xindu enterprises of furniture park of Chengdu City

目的了解成都市(新都)家具园区企业工人职业卫生认知和行为的现况,为相关职能部门制定职业病防治措施提供科学依据。方法2018年9-11月通过对成都市(新都)家具园区不同规模企业进行分层,并随机选取10家企业的一线工人进行二维码问卷调查,问卷内容涉及一般信息、职业卫生认知、职业卫生行为等方面,整理问卷数据,用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析。结果共调查10家企业的402名工人,职业卫生认知情况调查显示,工人职业卫生知识来源较为单一,主要是企业培训。工人职业卫生认知总分为5226,被调查工人的认知得分为3445,得分率为65.92%(3445/5226),男性工人认知得分高于女性工人(χ2=7.197,P<0.05),文化程度较高的工人认知得分高于文化程度较低的工人(χ2=18.599,P<0.05),大中型企业的工人认知得分高于小型企业的工人(χ2=141.153,P<0.05),培训次数多的工人认知得分高于培训次数少的工人(χ2=54.007,P<0.05)。职业卫生行为调查显示,调查的402名工人中有378名愿意参与企业的职业病防治工作,但个人防护执行较差,59名油漆工人中有20名工作时没有坚持佩戴防毒口罩,127名木工中有51名工作时没有坚持佩戴防尘口罩。结论影响工人职业卫生认知和行为的主要因素是性别、工人文化程度、受培训次数和企业规模。建议企业应加强职业卫生管理,严格落实职业病防治措施,加强教育,增加工人依从性,重点对认知情况较低的女性和文化程度较低的工人开展多种形式的培训,培训内容以职业病危害因素和职业病诊断相关知识为主。

Objective To understand the status of occupational health awareness and behavior of workers in Xindu enterprises of furniture park of Chengdu City,provide scientific basis for relevant functional departments to formulate occupational disease prevention and control measures.Methods From September to November 2018,Xindu enterprises of different scales in furniture park of Chengdu City were stratified,and the front-line workers of 10 enterprises were randomly selected to conduct a twodimensional code questionnaire survey.The questionnaire included general information,occupational health awareness,occupational health behavior and so on.The questionnaire data were collated and analyzed by SPSS 22.0.Results A total of 402 workers in 10 enterprises were surveyed.The survey of occupational health awareness showed that the source of occupational health knowledge of workers was relatively single,mainly enterprise training.The total score of workers’occupational health awareness was 5226,and the cognitive score of surveyed workers was 3445,with the scoring rate of 65.92%(3445/5226).The cognitive score of male workers was higher than that of female workers(χ2=7.197,P<0.05).The cognitive score of workers with higher education level was higher than that of workers with lower education level(χ2=18.599,P<0.05).The cognitive score of workers in large and medium-sized enterprises was higher than that in small enterprises(χ2=141.153,P<0.05).The cognitive scores of workers with more training times were higher than those of workers with less training times(χ2=54.007,P<0.05).Occupational health behavior survey showed that 378 of 402 workers were willi ng to participate in the prevention and control of occupational diseases in enterprises,but the implementation of personal protection was poor.20 of 59 paint workers did not insist on wearing anti-poison masks while 51 of 127 carpenters did not insist on wearing anti-dust masks.Conclusion The main factors affecting workers’occupational health awareness and behavior are gender,workers’educational level,number of training and scale of enterprises.It is suggested that enterprises should strengthen occupational health management,strictly implement occupational disease prevention and control measures,strengthen education,increase workers’compliance,and focus on carrying out various forms of training for women with low cognition and workers with low education level,while the training contents mainly include occupational hazard factors and occupational disease diagnosis.