心理资本在社区护士领悟社会支持与职业倦怠中的中介效应

Mediating effect of psychological capital in relationship between perceived social support and job burnout of community nurses

目的通过建立结构方程模型探讨社区护士领悟社会支持和心理资本对职业倦怠的影响,为管理者实施干预措施提供参考依据。方法2018年10月,采用领悟社会支持量表、心理资本量表和职业倦怠量表对上海市65家社区卫生服务中心的185名护士进行问卷调查。并对数据进行分析。结果社区护士的领悟社会支持总均分为5.37±0.82,心理资本总均分为4.20±0.83,职业倦怠总均分为2.04±1.00;社区护士领悟社会支持与职业倦怠成负相关(r=-0.610,P<0.01),心理资本与职业倦怠呈负相关(r=-0.527,P<0.01)。结构方程模型显示,领悟社会支持对职业倦怠(λ=-0.51,P<0.01)、心理资本(λ=0.58,P<0.01)有直接效应;心理资本对职业倦怠有直接效应(λ=-0.35,P<0.01);领悟社会支持通过心理资本对职业倦怠产生间接效应(-0.20,P<0.01);领悟社会支持与心理资本共解释社区护士职业倦怠58.5%的变异量。结论领悟社会支持与心理资本会影响社区护士的职业倦怠,社区管理者应制定相应的干预措施改善社区护士的领悟社会支持与心理资本能力,从而降低职业倦怠,提高社区护士的身心健康和护理质量。

Objective To investigate the impact of community nurses’perceived social support and psychological capital on their job burnout by establishing a structural equation model,provide reference for managers to implement interventions.Methods In October 2018,a total of 185 nurses from 65 community health service centers in Shanghai were enrolled in the study and were investigated by Perceived Social Support Scale,Psychological Capital Scale and Job Burnout Scale.Results The average score of perceived social support in community nurses was 5.37±0.82,the average score of psychological capital was 4.20±0.83 and the average score of job burnout was 2.04±1.00.Perceived social support in community nurses was negatively correlated with job burnout(r=-0.610,P<0.01),and psychological capital was negatively correlated with job burnout(r=-0.527,P<0.01).Structural equation model showed that perceived social support had a direct effect on job burnout(λ=-0.51,P<0.01)and psychological capital(λ=0.58,P<0.01),psychological capital had a direct effect on job burnout(λ=-0.45,P<0.01).Perceived social support had an indirect effect on job burnout(λ=-0.20,P<0.01)t hrough psychological capital,while perceived soc ial support and psychological capital explained 58.5 of the variance of job burnout.Conclusion Perceived social support and psychological capital has an effect on community nurses’job burnout.Community managers should make appropriate intervention measures to improve the ability of perceived social support and psychological capital of community nurses,so as to reduce job burnout and improve the physical and mental health of community nurses and nursing quality.