商法语境下的重大误解制度——兼评我国民商合一的立法体制

The System of Major Misunderstanding under Commercial Law——The Evaluation of Legislative System towards Syncretism of Civil Law and Commercial Law

《民法总则》第147条规定了重大误解制度。在我国民商合一立法体制下,《民法总则》的制定采取的是提取公因式的方式,而商法作为民法之特别法,在商事领域自然应该适用《民法总则》的规定。但民法与商法在价值追求上不同,民法强调意思自治、实质公平;商法强调交易之安全和效率。因而在商事领域适用重大误解制度时则更应谨慎而为,注重商事行为之特殊性。在民商合一的立法背景下,民法典的制定既要关注民法一般规范的创设,也要兼顾商事特别规范。从既有规范上来看,对于商法的关注仍有不足。在未来的法律适用上就需要运用商法思维,在既有规范的基础上进行法律解释,实现民法与商法的平衡。

The 147th article of the General Rules of Civil Law stipulates the system of major misunderstanding.In terms of the syncretism of civil law and commercial law,the enactment of the General Rules of Civil Law adopts the method o￡extracting common factor.As the special law of civil law,commercial law should apply to the stipulation of the General Rules of Civil Law in trade field Nevertheless,civil law and commercial law differentiate themselves in.core value.The former emphasizes autonomy in content and fairness in nature while the latter pays attention to the security and efficiency in trading.Therefore,users should be prudent in applying the system of major misunderstanding in trade field,and lay emphasis on the particularity of commercial conduct.Against the background of the syncretism of civil law and commercial law,the enactment of Civil Code should not only focus on the establishment of civil law's general specification,but also consider the commercial special specification.However,there is insufficient attention to commercial law from the existing specification.Therefore,users should utilize the thought of commercial law in the coming application o￡law?and commit legal interpretation based on the established specification in order to balance the civil law and commercial law.