向日葵式高效光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制

Intelligent Self-Adaption Tracking Control of Sunflower Type High Efficiency Photovoltaic Power Generation

为了提高光伏发电系统的光电转化效率,根据向日葵的趋光性原理,设计了高效光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制系统。采用8颗光敏二极管2CU2E研制了十字光桶检测装置,通过光敏二极管的感光差异,调整光伏板的俯仰角和方位角,使太阳光始终直射光伏板,实现了高精度的光电跟踪。在多云阴天,则根据GPS获取的位置和时间信息,利用天文学原理计算出太阳光的照射角度,采取视日跟踪模式提高光电转化效率。实验结果表明:设计的系统发电效率均明显优于固定接收、单轴跟踪和双轴视日跟踪,且能够根据光线的强度自适应切换工作模式,在晴天和阴天环境下的发电量分别高出固定接收的38.26%和31.66%,大大提高了光伏发电的转化效率。

To improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of traditional photovoltaic devices,an intelligent self-adaption tracking control of sunflower type high efficiency photovoltaic power generation is designed according to the principle of sunflower phototaxis.A cross-barrel detection device is developed by using 8 photodiodes 2CU2E,the elevation and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic board are adjusted according to the photosensitive difference of photodiode,which makes photovoltaic panel directly illuminated by sunlight,and high precision photoelectric tracking is realized.In cloudy days,according to the position and time information acquired by GPS,the angle of sunlight illumination is calculated through astronomical principles,which is day-of-sight tracking mode to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.The experimental results show that the power generation efficiency of the designed system is obviously better fixed receiving,uniaxial tracking and bi-axis day-of-sight tracking,and the working mode can be adaptively switched according to the intensity of light.The power generation in sunny and cloudy weather is respectively higher than fixed reception by 38.26%and 31.66%,which greatly improves the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.