积木数量对学前儿童游戏行为的影响研究

Influence of the Amount of Blocks on Young Children’s Game Behaviors

了解积木数量对幼儿游戏行为的影响有助于科学制定幼儿园玩教具配备规范。研究采用情景观察法,考察幼儿使用不同形状的积木的方式与数量以及积木总量变化对幼儿游戏行为的影响。结果发现,幼儿在自由积木游戏中使用长方体类积木最多,其中单元积木和二倍积木使用量占比较高;小、中、大班幼儿的积木使用总量分布在同一范围,且均值相近;积木数量减少到一定程度对幼儿积木游戏的时间长度、搭建水平有显著影响,对表征水平的影响不明显。建议在幼儿园玩教具配备规范中明确规定不同年龄段积木配备数量的底线标准并给出上限建议;在分配积木颗粒数量时,以长方体类积木为主,尤其是单元积木和二倍单元积木的数量占比应加大;提高小班积木配备标准,增加配备数量。

Understanding the impact of the number of building blocks on the behaviors of children’s games will help to develop a standardized specification for toy equipment.The present study uses contextual observation to examine the way and amount of different shapes of blocks that young children use in their free block game and effects of reduction of amount of blocks on their game behaviors.The findings show that the majority of blocks that young children used are cuboids,among which units and doubles rank high;the amount of blocks used is similar among young children of different ages;the reduction of blocks had significant impact on time length of game and the complexity of construction structure,but there is no significant impact on representation.It suggests that the regulations on provision of game materials should clearly set the minimum and maximum limit of amount of blocks;and the majority of amount of blocks should be allocated to cuboids units and doubles;and the amount of blocks for 3-year-old children should be increased.