改革开放以来中国“三农”发展成就与存在的问题

Achievements and Problems of China’s "Three Rural Issues" Development since the Reform and Opening up

改革开放以来,中国农村建立了家庭联产承包责任制,农业农村改革不断深化,强农富农惠农政策连续出台,“三农”(农业、农村、农民)不断发展。该文梳理和总结了改革开放以来“三农”取得的成就,认为农业综合生产能力得到提高,农业转型加快,农民收入持续增长,农村基础设施明显改善,农村社会事业有效推进,“三农”面貌发生了重大变化。进而分析了“三农”面临的挑战,认为资源约束、发展动力、农民增收和福利保障、生态环境等问题是当前“三农”发展的障碍;农业弱质、农民弱势、农村落后的局面还未得到根本性改变,解决好“三农”问题是全面建成小康社会的迫切要求。

Since the reform and opening up,a household contract responsibility system has been established for the rural areas in China,and the reform of agriculture and rural areas has been deepen continuously.The policies of strengthening agriculture,enriching farmers and benefiting farmers have been continuously introduced,and the"three rural issues"(agriculture,ruralareas and farmers)has developed constantly.On the basis of informative data,this paper carefully sorts out and summarizes the achievements of the"three rural issues"since the reform and opening up.It is found that the comprehensive agricultural production capacity has been raised up,the agricultural transformation has been accelerated,the income of farmers has continued to grow,the rural infrastructure has been improved significantly,rural social undertakings have been effectively promoted,so the major changes have taken place in the"three rural issues".Then the challenges faced by the"three rural issues"are analyzed,and the results shows that those issues as resource constraints,development motivation,farmers′income and welfare,and ecological environment are obstacles to the current development of agriculture,rural areas and farmers.However,the fundamental changes on weak agricultural conditions,weak farmers,and backward rural areas have not yet been made.Solving the"three rural issues"is an urgent requirement for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.