从“天安门”到“天儿”“天啊”--普通话-n尾音节连音规则的统一解释

Tian-an-men vs Tiar and Tian na:Towards a Unified Account ofthe Coda-n Related Sandhi Rules in Standard Chinese(Putonghua)

音变有纯语音的变化,也有非纯语音的变化。当语音单位为纯语音性质时(如音素、语音特征),音变是纯语音的;若语音单位亦为意义单位(如语素、词等语法、语义单位)时,音变则会受到意义因素的制约。汉语的“天安门”“天儿”“天啊”,同一个-n尾的“天”字音节后接不同的零声母音节,音变结果不同。其中,既有纯语音的原因(如三种情况下的零声母音节有着具体语音条件的不同),也有非纯语音的原因(如三者作为复合词、派生词、短语或句子的不同,以及“安”“儿”“啊”作为词根实字、词缀虚字、短语或句末语气虚字的不同)由于音节一语素的强势关联,音节序列在汉语已非纯语音单位序列,而同时也是语素的序列。语素语法、语义信息的不同,是造成音节连读结果不同的重要原因。

The mono-morphemic syllable“tian”(天,which means“sky”in Chinese)observes dif ferent sandhi rules when followed by different grammatical types of morphemes which,though,all ap pear to be onset-less syllables.This indicates that,as the syllable is not only a sound unit in Chinese but canonically correspond to such grammatical unit as a morpheme,so the sandhi grammar of sylla ble sequence is not purely based on sound rules but the meaning or grammatical structure of the mor phemes.Namely,Tian-an-men(天安门)as a compound word,Tiar(天儿)as a derivational word,and Tian na(天哪)as a phrase or sentence.