东北典型黑土区耕地质量时空变化研究

Temporal-spatial changes in cultivated land quality in a black soil region of Northeast China

为揭示东北典型黑土区耕地质量时空变化特征,本研究遵循《耕地质量等级》(GB/T 33469-2016)国家标准,在利用特尔菲法选取16个评价指标、层次分析法确定评价指标权重的基础上,建立了东北典型黑土区耕地质量评价指标体系,借助ArcGIS软件对研究区2008年和2018年耕地质量进行同一指标体系和同一分级标准的耕地质量评价,旨在掌握研究区10年间的耕地质量时空变化特征,探究耕地质量变化原因。结果表明:东北典型黑土区耕地质量2008年以中低等地为主,平均耕地质量等级为5.14,2018年以中高等地为主,平均耕地质量等级为3.92,10年间东北典型黑土区耕地质量等级提升了1.22个等级;其中,1~4等地面积均有增加,5~10等地面积均减少,10年间研究区评价单元耕地质量等级提升最多为8个等级,下降最多为7个等级,耕地质量等级提升的评价单元总面积是等级下降评价单元总面积的3.5倍。10年间东北典型黑土区的中西部和西北部耕地质量上升较为明显,而其南部和东北部质量下降的耕地分布较多。本研究规范了研究区耕地质量时空对比分析的依据,合理揭示了其时空变化特征,为该区域今后耕地质量提升工作指明了方向,对今后进一步可持续利用和管理黑土地具有积极意义。

Temporal-spatial variations in cultivated land quality in a typical black soil region in Northeast China were explored with 16 evaluation indices by means of the Delphi method,with weights determined by an analytic hierarchy process based on the National Standard of Cultivated Land Quality Grade(GB/T 33469-2016).ArcGIS software was used to evaluate the quality of cultivated land in the region using the same system and the same grading standard between 2008 and 2018.The goal was to identify temporal and spatial changes in cultivated land quality in the study area during the past 10 years,and the reasons for changes in the cultivated land quality.The results showed that the quality of cultivated land in the study region w as dominated by medium-and low-level land in 2008,with an average cultivated land quality grade of 5.14.In 2018,the quality of cultivated land was mainly in medium-and high-level land,with an average cultivated land quality grade of 3.92.Over the past 10 years,the quality increased by 1.22.The area of first-to fourth-grade cultivated land had increased,and the area of fifth-to tenth-grade land had decreased.Meanwhile,the cultivated land grade rose 8 levels at most,and fell 7 levels most.The area of cultivated land that increased its grade was 3.5 times that of the land that experienced a decrease in grade.The quality of cultivated land in the mid-west and northwest regions of the study area increased significantly,while the south and northeast saw more decrease.This study standardized the basis of a temporal-spatial comparison analysis of cultivated land quality in the study area and revealed temporal-spatial variation characteristics of the study area,providing direction for improving cultivated land quality and sustainably utilizing and managing black soil in the future.