双孢蘑菇工厂化栽培菌株比较试验

Comparison of Agaricus bisporus strains of industrial cultivation

为筛选出适合工厂化栽培的双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)菌株,收集国内外共20个双孢蘑菇菌株,在工厂化栽培条件下进行比较试验,综合分析不同菌株在PDA平板上的菌丝生长状态、生长速度以及工厂化生产过程中子实体出菇时间、产量、质量等农艺性状。结果表明:根据菌丝在PDA平板上的生长形态,将20个菌株分为两类,一类为气生/半气生型,表现为菌丝生长速度快,气生菌丝旺盛;另一类为贴生型,表现为基内菌丝发达,菌索明显,菌丝生长速度慢。贴生型菌株的产量高于气生/半气生型菌株。根据出菇时间、采收时间、产量及子实体质量性状评价得到4个(AZ1509、J5、AU02、AZ1109)出菇时间早(覆土后16—17 d)、采菇时间集中(一潮菇采收时间5 d)、产量高(3.6-4.5 kg/筐)、品质佳,适合市场鲜销的菌株。

In order to screen Agaricus bisporus strains suitable for industrial cultivation,20 strains of A.bisporus were collected at home and abroad.Under the conditions of industrial cultivation,the comparative experiment was carried out,and the growth state,growth speed of hyphae,fruiting time,yield,quality and other agronomic characteristics of different strains on PDA plate were analyzed comprehensively.The results showed that according to the growth form of hyphae on PDA plate,20 strains of A.bisporus were divided into two types:one was aerogenic/semi aerogenic type,which was characterized by fast growth speed and vigorous aerial hyphae;the other was adherent type,which was characterized by developed hyphae,obvious rhizomorph and slow growth of hyphae.The yield of adherent type strain was higher than that of aerogenic/semi aerogenic type strain.Four strains(AZ1509,J5,AU02,AZ1109)with early fruiting time(16-17 days after casing),concentrated harvest time(5 days for 1st flush),high yield(3.6-4.5 kg/tray)and good quality were obtained according to fruiting time,harvesting time,yield and quality of fruiting body,which were suitable for fresh market.