外泌体检测KRAS突变在结直肠癌中的研究进展

Research progress on the detection of KRAS mutation in colorectal cancer by exosomes

虽然内镜能早期诊断结直肠癌,但因其存在有创、侵入等局限性,世界范围内仍有大部分患者确诊时已经是晚期甚至伴有转移。西妥昔单抗等抗表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)单克隆抗体丰富了转移性结直肠癌的治疗,然而其治疗效果与KRAS基因是否突变相关,因此使用前检测KRAS基因是否突变十分有必要。对外泌体的大量研究使得我们思考能否通过外泌体检测来确定患者是否存在KRAS突变。本文重点对依靠外泌体检测KRAS突变指导结直肠癌患者使用EGFR单抗治疗的潜在可能性进行综述。

Although endoscopy can be used to diagnose colorectal cancer early,however,due to its invasiveness and other limitations,most patients have advanced or even metastatic status at the time of diagnosis.The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)monoclonal antibody cetuximab enriches the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer,and its therapeutic effect is related to mutation in the KRAS gene.Therefore,it is necessary to detect the KRAS gene before use of an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody.Extensive research on exosomes has led us to consider whether exosomes can be used to determine KRAS mutation status.This review focuses on the feasibility of using exosomes to detect KRAS mutations to guide the use of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in patients with colorectal cancer.