论邮轮船票包销模式下旅行社的法律地位

Research on the legal status of travel agency under the mode of cruise ticket underwriting

船票包销模式是当前中国邮轮旅游的主要经营模式,此模式涉及旅行社、邮轮公司、游客三方法律关系。旅行社与游客是邮轮旅游合同的主体,邮轮公司则为合同之外第三方。对于游客,旅行社应定性为承运人,有权以承运人名义向游客签发邮轮客票。邮轮公司应定性为实际承运人,受旅行社委托向登船游客提供服务,其与游客之间不存在海上旅客运输合同关系,但存在独立的乘客守则合同关系。将旅行社定性为承运人,既可保证承运人单位赔偿责任限制制度不存在漏洞,亦可避免旅行社与邮轮公司相互推诿责任,从而更充分地保障游客的权益,规范邮轮旅游的市场秩序。

The mode of shipping ticket underwriting is the main management mode of cruise tourism in our country at present,which involves the travel agency,cruise company and tourists.The travel agency and the tourist are the main body of the cruise tour contract.Cruise companies are third parties outside the contract.For the tourist,the travel agency should be defined as the carrier and has the right to issue the cruise ticket to the tourist in the name of the carrier.A cruise company is a carrier for a travel agency,and a tourist should be characterized as the actual carrier.There is no contract relationship between the cruise company and tourists for the carriage of passengers by sea or a cruise contract,while there is an independent passenger code contractual relationship.The definition of travel agency as carrier can not only make clear that travel agency has the right to limit the liability of carrier,but also avoid evading responsibility between travel agency and cruise company,which fully protects tourists’rights and interests,and regulates the market order of cruise tourism.