面向金属增材制造的气体雾化制粉技术研究进展

Research Progress on Gas Atomization Technology for Preparation of Feedstock Powder Used in Metal Additive Manufacturing

微细球形金属粉末是金属增材制造(3D打印)的主要原材料。气体雾化技术是制备微细球形金属粉末的重要方法。从提高粉末细粉收得率、改善粉体质量与开发新型粉末材料3个角度出发,分析了面向金属增材制造的气体雾化制粉技术的研究现状与发展趋势。围绕优化雾化器结构与布局、提高雾化介质性能与优化熔体特征3个方面,总结了提高粉末细粉收得率的方法,分析了空心粉的形成机理,提出了空心粉控制方法。分析了卫星粉形成过程中颗粒-熔滴的碰撞来源与碰撞机理,提出了卫星粉控制方法。提出了金属基复合粉末作为3D打印金属基复合材料部件的原材料,简述了金属雾化-颗粒共喷射方法制备金属基复合粉末材料的研究进展。

Fine spherical metal powders are the main raw materials for metal additive manufacturing(3D printing). Gas atomization technology is an important method to produce fine spherical metal powders. From the perspectives of increasing fine powder yield, improving powder quality and developing new powder materials, the research status and development trend of gas atomization technology for preparation of feedstock powder used in metal additive manufacturing were analyzed. Those methods used for increasing fine powder yield during gas atomization were summarized, which were developed based on optimizing atomizer design, enhancing atomizing medium properties or improving melt characteristics. The formation mechanism of hollow particles during gas atomization was analyzed, and the control methods of hollow particles were proposed. The formation mechanism of satellite particles during gas atomization was analyzed, and the control methods of satellite particles were proposed. Metal-matrix-composite(MMC) particles were proposed for additive manufacturing of composite parts. The research progress on metal atomization methods coupled with particle co-injection for the preparation of MMC particles was briefly introduced.