冷冻胚胎的性质及处分

The Nature and Disposal of Frozen Embryos

近年来,很多不孕不育的人选择冷冻胚胎移植的技术以实现生育,延续血缘。与现实生活中冷冻胚胎技术的广泛应用不同,我国立法并没有规定冷冻胚胎的性质,那么冷冻胚胎的处理会产生很多问题。文章基于这个前提,从冷冻胚胎的性质入手进行分析。在维护我国人物二分说的前提下将冷冻胚胎定义为具有特殊的人格、生命特征的物,明确其物的属性,这必然涉及到冷冻胚胎能否被继承的问题。文章结合司法实践以及相关理论明确了其能否继承以及继承之后的效力与延伸,这涉及到了夫妻双方的意思自治与协议,文章意在阐明夫妻双方能否基于意思表示处分冷冻胚胎,这涉及到生育权的保护与冲突,在结合生育权的利益衡量后,判断协议的性质及生育权保护等相关问题。

In recent years,there have been many infertile people choosing frozen embryo transfer technology to achieve fertility and continue blood relationship.Different from the wide application of frozen embryo technology in real life,our legislation does not stipulate the nature of frozen embryo,so the treatment of frozen embryo will generate many problems.Based on the fact,the nature of frozen embryos is analyzed first.Maintaining the dichotomous theory of characters in China,this paper defines the frozen embryo as something with special personality and life characteristics,and clarifies its property,which inevitably involves the question whether the frozen embryo can be inherited.This paper,based on judicial practice and relevant theories,makes clear whether it can inherit and the effect and extension after inheritance,concerning the autonomy of will and agreement between husband and wife.Aiming to clarify whether husband and wife can dispose frozen embryo based on the expression of will,this paper discusses such problems as the protection and conflict of the right to bear,judgement of the nature of the agreement and protection of the right to bear after weighing the interests.