丝绸之路河南道视域下的河西与建康佛教关系摭议

On the Relation between Hexi and Jiankang Buddhism from the Perspective of Henan Road of the Silk Road

魏晋南北朝时期,以敦煌、凉州为代表的河西地区佛教发展较为兴盛,不论在义理方面,还是在修行方式上,河西地区佛教都影响着全国佛教的发展方向。但是当河西战乱频发,而南朝建康等地佛教氛围浓厚时,诸多河西籍高僧经丝绸之路河南道与长江水道的组合南下到达建康等地弘法,他们对南朝译经、禅学及戒律的发展影响深远,在一定程度上促进了南朝地区重义理而轻修行风气的转变。经行丝绸之路河南道的僧侣们,将西域、河西佛教同建康佛教连接起来,既加速了佛教中国化的进程,也加深了中国各地佛教文化的融合与交流。

During the periods of Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,Hexi Buddhism,represented by Dunhuang and Liangzhou,was relatively prosperous,which influenced the development direction of Buddhism in China in terms of theory and practice.But when wars broke out frequently in Hexi and Buddhist atmosphere was strong in Jiankang and other places in the Southern Dynasty,many Hexi monks traveled through the combination of the Henan Road and the Yangtze river to Jiankang and other places to expand Buddhism.They had a far-reaching impact on the development of translation of Buddhist scriptures,Zen,and precepts,which,to an extent,promoted the change of the ethos of emphasizing righteousness and neglecting practice in the Southern Dynasty.Monks traveling along the Henan Road connected Buddhism in the western regions and Hexi with Buddhism in Jiankang,which not only accelerated the process of sinicization of Buddhism,but also deepened the fusion and exchange of Buddhist culture in various parts of China.