民族地区农户支出型贫困：现实与因应——兼论与非民族地区的对比

Expenditure-type Poverty of Rural Households in Ethnic Areas:Reality and Response:Compared with Non-ethnic Areas

基于2015年中国社会状况综合调查(CSS2015)数据,实证分析民族地区农户支出型贫困的现实图景、类型样态与生成机理。结果表明:1)从区域差异来看,民族地区无论是在整体上的支出型贫困还是因病、因教、因人情支出型贫困的占比均高于非民族地区;2)就省际差异而言,青海、广西、西藏是农户支出型贫困较为严重的三个省份;3)回归结果显示,民族地区农户陷入支出型贫困的可能性比非民族地区农户要高,这在各类支出型贫困中均有体现。家庭层面、社会保障变量是解释民族地区与非民族地区农户陷入支出型贫困差异的重要原因。基于此,提出具体建议以实现民族地区农户支出型贫困的精准治理。

Based on Chinese Social Survey data in 2015,an empirical analysis was conducted to find out the realistic picture,pattern and formation mechanism of rural households expenditure-type poverty in ethnic ar⁃eas.The rusults show that:First,from a regional perspective,the proportion of expenditure-type poverty in all ethnic areas is higher than that in non-ethnic areas,whether it is due to illness,education,or human relations.Second,in terms of inter-provincial differences,Qinghai,Guangxi and Tibet are the three provinces in which the rural households expenditure type poverty is more serious.Third,the results show that rural households in ethnic areas are more likely to fall into expenditure-type poverty than that in non-ethnic areas.Family and so⁃cial security variables are important reasons for explaining the differences between rural households in ethnic areas and non-ethnic areas who are involved in expenditure-type poverty.Based on the results,specific sugges⁃tions are put forward to achieve precise governance of rural households expenditure-type poverty in ethnic areas.