文化存在论教育学论纲——文化存在论教育学产生的时代背景与基本主张

An Outline of Cultural Existentialism Pedagogy——The Background and Basic Proposition of the Emergence of Cultural Existentialism Pedagogy

文化存在论教育学理论是在教育学这门学科究竟主要是一门以哲学运思为主的精神科学,还是一门方法至上的实证科学这一历史性交锋中应运而生的。文化存在论教育学的提出是对实证主义范式在教育学领域过度宣扬的匡正。教育学是一门有着浓郁的强烈的丰富的人文性、艺术性、审美性、价值性和伦理性的学科。从学科嬗变史、学科本质、学科研究方法借鉴路线图等来考察,我们可以得出这样的结论,教育学作为一门“成人”的学科所具有的境遇性、生命性、个殊性、复杂性等特质无法被完全数据化的定量研究所把握。文化存在论教育学分别从教育本质、教育目的及教育方法出发,聚焦三个根本性问题:儿童“是”什么?儿童会成“为”什么?儿童之所以会成“为”社会与文化所期望的那个样子,需“要”什么?针对这三个根本问题,文化存在论教育学提出了理想的教育应确立的四项重要原则:首先,教育要关注儿童的“精神”或者“生命”成长,关注儿童的心灵世界、精神世界、生命世界;其次,教育是“相遇”的历程,是一场充满“境遇”的人生旅程,多元、丰富、奇幻的教育孕育着儿童各种生长的可能性,教育既关怀当下,又指向未来的生活;再次,教育要注重“关系”的营建,魅力在于生活世界中诸般“关系”的和谐与共融,儿童与教师在美好的教育“关系”中相濡以沫,砥砺前行;最后,儿童是“文化”的存在,教育要关注文化在陶冶滋养儿童的向善、求真、育美中的重要作用。

The formation of Cultural Existentialism Pedagogy(CEP)has an important background,that is,it needs to answer such an important question:whether pedagogy needs more philosophical thinking for the humanities for the growing positivism of the social sciences?Cultural Existentialism Pedagogy is a criticism of the excessive advocacy of positivism in the field of pedagogy.Pedagogy is a subject with deeply humanistic,artistic,aesthetic,value and ethical subject.From the evolution of pedagogy,the nature of pedagogy and the map of pedagogical research methods,we can see that pedagogy is a subject to“educating persons”,which is full of circumstances,humanistic,individuality,complexity,etc.Pedagogy cannot be fully grasped by quantitative,data and reductionism.As a new philosophy of education,Cultural Existentialism Pedagogy should answer three fundamental questions concerning the basic theory of pedagogy.Firstly,what is child?Secondly,what will child become?Thirdly,what does child need to“be”what we want to be?The first question reflects the essence of children.The second question expresses the purpose of education.And the third question expresses the method of education.Cultural Existentialism Pedagogy also puts forward four important principles that should be followed in good education.Firstly,education must pay attention to the existence and development of individuals,the spiritual world and the life world of the educated and educator.Secondly,education should pay attention to the construction of“relationship”.The most important thing in education is the harmony and integration of various“relations”.Both teachers and students grow up in the“relationship”.Thirdly,education is the course of encounter and a life journey full of“circumstances”.Diverse and rich education is gestating unlimited growth possibilities.Fourth,education must pay attention to the important role of culture in nurturing and nourishing the children in the mind.