论学校教育中的惩罚——基于彼得斯分析教育哲学的视角

On the Punishment in the Education of Schools——Based on Peter’s Ideas of Analytic Philosophy of Education

彼得斯认为惩罚有三个标准:一是有意地施以痛苦;二是由处于权威者施以;三是惩罚必须是受罚者因破坏规则而接受的后果。他强调,惩罚的“正当性”主要在于维持正常的教育和教学秩序;惩罚应体现平等性;惩罚形式应当体现适当性;惩罚应当慎用。其思想给予我们的启示:教育中的惩罚与社会中的惩罚有着根本的区别;惩罚是维护教学秩序和学校纪律必不可少的措施;学校教育中的惩罚造成的“痛苦”应当是非肉体痛苦;学校教育中应当尽可能避免使用惩罚手段。

In Peters’s opinion,there are three criteria for punishment,which are(i)intentional infliction of pain,(ii)by someone in authority,(iii)on a person as a consequence of a breach of rules on his part.He emphasized that the justification of punishment is that it can maintain the order of teaching,punishment should embody the equality,the forms of punishment should embody fittingness,and punishment should be carefully used.What we get from Perters’ideas are that punishment in schools are quite different from social punishment,punishment are necessary for keeping the order of teaching in school,the pain caused by punishment should not be physical one,and the less punishment,the better.