肠道菌群与代谢疾病

Gut microbiota and metabolic diseases

肠道菌群作为与人体共生的一个重要生态系统,长期以来与宿主共演化、共发育,桥接外界环境,与宿主各脏器发生互作,进而参与宿主代谢稳态调控。十几年来,已有多项研究支持肠道菌群失调通过各种与宿主互作的机制可能参与宿主多种疾病,尤其是肥胖、2型糖尿病等慢性代谢性疾病的发生与发展,并且肠道菌群在代谢性疾病的手术、药物等多种治疗方式中发挥重要作用。目前亦有多种有关开发靶向肠道菌群的代谢性疾病治疗的研究。文章对肠道菌群与代谢性疾病关系及相关机制、代谢疾病治疗中菌群的作用、肠道菌群相关治疗手段等方面的研究进展加以总结,以期为将来开发靶向肠道菌群代谢性疾病新型诊疗策略提供参考和思路。

The intestinal microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions with host physiological activities,during the entire life span and contributing to the development of various health conditions,especially chronic metabolic diseases.In the last decade,numerous studies have linked the components of the microbiota or its metabolites,such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS),short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),secondary bile acids(BAs)to metabolic diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes.Therefore,the potential of the intestinal microbiota in treating metabolic diseases has aroused tremendous interests.This review discusses recent progresses of the studies on gut microbiota related to host metabolic homeostasis regulations and the relevance of intestinal microbiota with respect to their roles in the treatment of metabolic diseases,such as bariatric surgery,antibiotics medicine and incretin-based therapies.The new therapeutic strategies proposed or designed for targeting or reshaping intestinal microbiota to manage metabolic diseases are also included.