病人视角与中国近代医疗史研究

The Patient Perspective and the Study of Medical History in Modern China

当前我国学界的医疗社会文化史研究多从医生的视角出发,对病人的关注度则明显不够。造成这种状况的原因,与病人资料的相对缺乏、分散有关,同时也与学界缺乏一定的学术和理论自觉相关。为推动医疗社会文化史研究的深入开展,应在尽量扩充和综合使用史料的基础上,着重致力于历史情境中病患世界和病人能动性的具体呈现与揭示,同时更要积极尝试从生命史角度呈现人们的身体感知和生命观念及其与社会文化因素的内在关联,从而将医疗史研究纳入生命史的维度。病人视角下的医疗史研究,不仅有利于揭示历史上医疗史的复杂面相,亦有利于推动当下社会医患关系的理解和改善,具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。

The study of social and cultural history of medicine in modern China has been predominantly focused on doctors.As such,there has been lack of attention to patients.The reason is two fold:on the one hand,information on patients is insufficient and scattered;on the hand other,the theoretical awareness of this issue was not fully developed among researchers.To enrich and diversify the study of medical history,we should listen to the silent sound of and demand from patients through critically reexamining research perspectives and actively collecting new materials.The emphasis on the patient perspective is not only beneficial to acknowledge the patient's autonomy and initiatives,but also helps to demonstrate individual agency in history and its internal relationship with social and cultural contexts.In doing so,it will incorporate the study of medical history into the dimension of life history.It is significant both in scholarly research and practical application to conduct such research,for it will further not only deepen the study of medical history but also promote a better relationship between doctors and patients in society.