百年来中国学人的域外汉学批评及其启示

Chinese Scholars’ Critical Engagement with Overseas Sinology in the Past Hundred Years

清末民初以来,中国学人开始关注域外汉学并展开评论。中国学人对域外汉学的批评,伴随着时代的变迁而存在不同的历史阶段:清末民初之际,中国学人对域外汉学并不以为然,甚或有尖锐的批评,即使对域外汉学所擅长的“半汉”之学有所褒奖,亦非盲目推崇,实基于对自身学术的自信;1920年代后,中国学人在通过取法域外汉学欲与之抗衡的同时,也通过纠谬捍卫自身的学术尊严;1949年中华人民共和国成立之后,学界在追踪域外汉学动态及选译域外汉学论著之同时,主要是基于价值主体性对域外汉学所隐含的意识形态、方法论及其史料展开批判;20世纪80年代后,西潮再一次袭来,中国学界对域外汉学表现出浓厚的兴趣,但过于迷信、盲从,放弃了学术应有的主体性和批判性。进入新时代后,我们需要加强与域外汉学的交流与对话,同时亦应以批判之姿对域外汉学作必要的审视,坚守自身的价值主体性,如此方能为构建富有中国特色的学术话语体系提供助益之力。

Since the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China,Chinese scholars have begun to pay attention to and critically engaged with overseas Sinology.This process has undergone through several historical stages.In late Qing and early Republic,Chinese scholars did not take overseas Sinology seriously,and at times they offered sharp criticism against it.Thanks to the confidence in their own academic tradition,they sometimes half-heartedly praised overseas Sinology as“Semi-Han Studies,”but never blindly embracing it.After the 1920s,Chinese Scholars started to learn from overseas Sinology with a goal to compete against it;meanwhile,they defended their academic dignity by correcting errors in overseas Sinology.After 1949,while tracing the development of Sinology and selectively translating its works,Chinese scholars have criticized its ideological and methodological implications and raised issues with the materials adopted in Sinological research.After the 1980s,Chinese scholars showed great interest in Sinology.Yet they become too blindly obedient,giving up on their own scholarly subjectivity and criticism.While strengthening the dialogue and exchanges with Sinology,we,as necessary,need to examine overseas Sinology on a critical matter,upholding our own subjectivity.Only in this way can we contribute to the development of an academic system with unique Chinese characteristics.