基于多源数据的山地城市多中心空间结构分析——以重庆主城区为例

Polycentric Spatial Structure Analysis of Mountainous Cities Based on Multi-Source Data ——A Case Study of the Central Urban Area of Chongqing

我国众多城市的空间发展模式逐渐由单中心向多中心开发转变.大多数山地城市受山水格局与规划因素的影响,较多沿用多中心发展模式,但山地城市多中心结构较少受到主流研究的关注.对城市各空间要素的特征进行分析,可有效反映其多中心空间结构特征.为此,本研究以典型山地城市重庆为例,基于房价、夜间灯光强度、公交站点密度、宜出行密度等多源数据,分析不同要素的空间布局及多中心空间特征,并重点识别了各中心/组团的发育程度.结果表明:重庆主城区呈现出明显的“多中心组团式”的空间格局,各中心/组团的空间特征差异有统计学意义;不同城市要素及空间结构在分布上内密外疏,具有山地城市独特的城市景观特征.不同中心/组团的发育程度内高外低,发展不均衡;内环以内各中心发育相对成熟,而外围中心/组团发展仍有待加强.最后分析了形成目前多中心体系的原因并提出了城市发展的政策建议.

The spatial development of many cities in China has gradually changed from the mono-centered model to the multi-centered model.Affected by landscape pattern and planning factors,most mountainous cities adopt the polycentric development model.However,the polycentric structure of mountainous cities is inadequately concerned by the mainstream research.The analysis of the characteristics of urban spatial elements can effectively reflect the characteristics of the polycentric spatial structure.Therefore,this paper takes a typical mountainous city,Chongqing,as an example,to analyze the spatial distribution and polycentric spatial characteristics of different elements,and focuses on identifying the degree of development of each center/group based on multi-source data such as housing price,nighttime light intensity,bus station density and“Easy go density of Tencent”.The results show that the central urban area of Chongqing adopts the spatial pattern of polycentric urban development with multiple urban subcenters and clusters.The spatial characteristics of each center/group are significantly different.Spatially,the distribution of different urban elements is“internal dense and external sparse”,with the unique urban landscape characteristics of mountainous cities.The degree of development of different centers/groups is imbalanced,being“internal high and external low”.The centers within the inner ring road are relatively mature while the development of peripheral centers/groups needs to be strengthened.Finally,this paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of the current polycentric system and puts forward policy suggestions for urban development.