外泌体在疾病诊疗中的研究进展

The Progress of Exosomes Application in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

外泌体是一种直径约为30~150 nm的脂质双层囊泡,广泛分布于各种体液或组织细胞中,由于其特殊的生理形成过程,其囊泡内富含来源于亲代细胞的蛋白质、核酸、脂质等物质,且这些内含物随亲代细胞的生理病理状态改变发生相应变化,因此,外泌体可应用于疾病的早期诊断。此外,外泌体作为一种具备良好细胞兼容性的新型天然运载工具,其近年来在药物传递、肿瘤靶向治疗和免疫治疗等方面的应用已成为研究热点。本文主要对外泌体生物学特征及其在疾病诊疗中的临床应用做一综述。

Exosome is a lipid bilayer extracellular vesicle about 30-150 nm in diameter,which is widely distributed in various body fluids or tissue cells.Because of its special physiological development process,the vesicles are rich in proteins,nucleic acids,lipids and other substances derived from parental cells,and these contents change along with the physiological and pathological changes of parental cells.Therefore,exosomes can be used in the early diagnosis of diseases.In addition,exosomes,as a new natural carrier with a good cell-cell compatibility,have become a research hotspot in drug delivery,tumor targeting therapy and immunotherapy in recent years.This article reviews the biological characteristics of exosomes and their clinical application in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.