学龄前儿童鼻咽部菌群与上呼吸道感染和急性鼻窦炎的关系研究

Relationship Study between Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Community and Uupper Respiratory Infection and Acute Sinusitis in Pre-school Children

目的研究学龄前儿童鼻咽部菌群分布和影响因素并探究其与上呼吸道感染和急性鼻窦炎的关系。方法选取94例学龄前儿童为研究对象,分别收集人口学信息、病史和暴露史,采集基线、四季、发生上呼吸道感染和急性鼻窦炎时期的鼻咽部菌群样本,通过对样本细菌进行培养研究学龄前儿童鼻咽部菌群与上呼吸道感染和急性鼻窦炎的关系。结果学龄前儿童鼻咽部菌群分布主要以链球菌属、奈瑟菌属、嗜血杆菌属和莫拉氏菌属为主,其影响因素主要有季节(r^2=0.137,P<0.01)、急性鼻窦炎感染史(r^2=0.070,P<0.01)、冠状病毒感染史(r^2=0.048,P<0.05)和家中有吸烟者(r^2=0.048,P<0.05)。鼻咽部菌群数与上呼吸道感染次数呈负相关关系(F=6.579,P=0.002),另外相较于未感染儿童,首次感染时间间隔小于60天的菌群数降低(P<0.001)。发生急性鼻窦炎会使鼻咽部菌群数显著减少(P<0.05)。结论健康学龄前儿童鼻咽部菌群与急性鼻窦炎和上呼吸道感染有关。

Objective To study the distribution and influencing factors of the nasopharyngeal bacterial community and its relationship with upper respiratory infection and acute sinusitis in pre-school children. Methods A total of 94 pre-school children were selected as research objects and collected demographic information, medical history and exposure history. baseline, four seasons, nasopharyngeal bacterial community of upper respiratory infection and acute sinusitis were sampled. The relationship between nasopharyngeal bacterial community, upper respiratory infection and acute sinusitis were tested by bacterial culture method. Results The mainly distribution of nasopharyngeal bacterial community in preschool children was Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilus and Moraxella, and its influencing factors were seasons(r^2=0.137,P<0.01), acute sinusitis infection history(r^2=0.070,P<0.01), coronavirus infection history(r^2=0.048,P<0.05) and smokers at home(r^2=0.048,P<0.05). Nasopharyngeal bacterial community was negatively correlated with the number of upper respiratory infection(F=6.579, P=0.002). Compared with the uninfected children, the number of bacterial community of initial infection within 60 days decreased. Acute sinusitis significantly reduced the number of nasopharyngeal bacterial community(P<0.05). Conclusion The number of bacterial community was correlated with upper respiratory infection and acute sinusitis in healthy pre-school children.