以正义为修辞的权利原则和功利原则的冲突与融合

The Conflict and Integration of The Right Principle and Utility Principle with Justice as Rhetoric

个人权利保护与总体功利最大化是现代社会的两大基本原则,但二者在实际应用中又存在着矛盾与冲突。权利主义与功利主义就是围绕着权利原则与功利原则的矛盾而提出来的两种不同的思想主张,它们存在着各自的偏狭与局限。而实际上,个人权利与总体功利都是实现普遍幸福目的所需要的两种基本价值,具有根本目的的一致性和相通性,并且二者还相互作用和转化。因此,从权利与功利的根本一致性和相通性出发,我们可以尝试寻求一种将权利原则与功利原则相融合与协调的进路,这就是:在优先保护个人权利的基础上,要尽可能地实现总体功利的最大化增进。

The protection of individual rights and the maximization of overall utility are the two basic principles of modern society,but there are contradictions and conflicts between them in practical application.Rightism and utilitarianism are just two different views around the contradiction between the principle of right and the principle of utility,and they all have their own narrow and limited problems.In fact,both individual rights and overallutility are the two basic values needed to achieve the goal of universal happiness,which are consistent and interlinked in their fundamental purpose,and they are still interactive and transformed.Therefore,starting from the fundamental consistency and interlinkage of rights and utility,we can try to find a way to integrate and coordinate the principles of rights and utility,which is:on the basis of giving priority to the protection of individual rights,we should maximize the overall utility as much as possible.