菌剂和外源氮素添加对青花椒采收剩余物分解的影响

Effects of Microbial Inoculants and Nitrogen Addition on Green Prickly Ash Harvest Residues Decomposition

【目的】加快青花椒采收剩余物分解,促进椒园土壤养分循环,维持地力,对青花椒可持续经营管理具有重要作用。【方法】采用菌剂(包括:未添加菌剂对照(CK)、有机物料发酵剂(YJ)、种植EM菌液(ZZ)、植物与发酵EM菌(ZW))和C/N比(包括:20、25、30、35)2因素4水平L16(42)正交试验设计,研究青花椒采收剩余物叶、枝和刺堆腐分解特性。【结果】青花椒采收剩余物堆腐分解180 d后的残留率呈现出刺>枝>叶的变化规律。添加菌剂显著促进青花椒剩余物的分解,叶、枝和刺的残留率均呈现出CK>YJ>ZW> ZZ的变化规律。青花椒采收剩余物分解95%的时间添加菌剂处理与CK相比,叶、枝和刺分别减少0.77~1.80 a、0.39~1.86 a和2.45~12.35 a。在各菌剂处理下,青花椒剩余物叶、枝和刺的残留率均呈现出C/N 35>C/N 30> C/N 20> C/N 25的变化规律。各处理中以ZZ+C/N 25处理剩余物的青花椒残留率最低,叶、枝和刺分别为40.4%、70.8%和82.7%;剩余物分解50%和95%所需时间最短,叶分别为0.49 a和2.12 a,枝分别为1.15 a和4.98 a,刺分别为2.03a和8.76 a。【结论】适宜的菌剂类型和外源氮素添加量对促进青花椒采收剩余物分解具有重要作用。

【Objective】The aim of this study was to observe the corruption decomposition characteristics of green prickly ash harvest residues leaf,twig and thorn. Promoting green prickly ash harvest residues decomposition and accelerating the nutrient return rate to soil in green prickly ash garden are considered to be efficient measures to maintain the stability of soil productivity and sustainable management.【Method】The regulation factors were microbial inoculants(including control(CK),microbial inoculants YJ,microbial inoculants ZZ,microbial inoculants ZW) and C/N ratio(including 20,25,30 and 35).The experiment was designed using the orthogonal test method of L16(42).【Result】Green prickly ash harvest residues mass remaining presented thorn >twig >leaf,after corruption decomposition for 180 d.Microbial inoculants significantly promoted green prickly ash harvest residues decomposition,mass remaining of leaf,twig and thorn all presented CK>YJ>ZW>ZZ. Compared with the control,the leaf,twig and thorn treatment of adding microbial inoculants reduced decomposition of 95% of green prickly ash harvest residues by 0.77~1.80 a,0.39~1.86 a and 2.45~12.35 a,respectively. Green prickly ash harvest residues mass remaining of leaf,twig and thorn all presented C/N 35> C/N 30> C/N 20> C/N 25,under adding microbial inoculants. The mass remaining of the green prickly ash treated with ZZ+C/N 25 in each treatment was the lowest,and the leaf,twig and thorn were 40.4%,70.8% and 82.7%,respectively. The shortest time needed to decompose 50% and 95% leaf residues by ZZ+C/N 25 was 0.49 a and 2.12 a respectively,and the twig was 1.15 a and 4.98 a,respectively. The thorn was 2.03 a and 8.76 a respectively.【Conclusion】It is indicated that the suitable type of microbial inoculants and the amount of exogenous nitrogen have an important effect on promoting the decomposition of the green prickly ash harvest residues.