粉碎粒度对黑老虎果浆理化性质和内含物含量的影响

Effects of crushing mesh number on physicochemical properties and contents of embedded components for Kadsura coccinea fruit pulps

【目的】探讨湿法超微粉碎新鲜黑老虎浆果的最佳工艺参数,为黑老虎果汁饮料加工提供技术支持。【方法】对比分析20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100、100~180和>180目6个不同粉碎粒度处理间新鲜黑老虎果浆的粒径分布、理化性质和内含物含量差异。【结果】80~100目以下黑老虎果浆的粒径主要分布在150~250μm,80~100目以上黑老虎果浆粒径主要分布在0~50μm。随着黑老虎浆果粉碎目数的增加,果浆溶液的pH和浊度(D700 nm)逐渐减小,而出汁率、固形物质量分数、紫外吸光值(A280 nm)和总酸度呈增大趋势,果浆溶液密度基本不变,色度L*整体上呈增大、a*和b*整体上呈减小趋势。当粉碎程度从20~40目逐渐增至>180目时,检测出的氨基酸种类从7种逐渐增至15种,游离氨基酸总量由10.87 ng/μL增至50.99 ng/μL;游离多酚、结合多酚、总多酚含量分别由7.35、2.20和9.55 mg/mL增至15.35、3.28和18.63 mg/mL;总黄酮、总多糖、生物碱和总花色苷含量由0.90 mg/mL、0.21μg/mL、1.79 mg/mL和2.63 mg/100 g增至7.33 mg/mL、0.66μg/mL、12.32 mg/mL和5.13 mg/100 g。80~100目以下粒度处理的营养和活性成分含量变化速度快,80~100目以上处理的含量变化趋缓。【结论】利用湿法超微粉碎技术生产黑老虎果浆的粉碎粒度以80~100目为宜,有利于果汁饮料产品保持澄清和风味稳定。

【Objective】Optimum technological parameters were assessed for wet superfine grinding of fresh Kadsura coccinea fruit so as to provide technical support in proceeding fruit juice and beverage of this species.【Method】The particle size distribution,physicochemical properties and contents of embedded components of K.coccinea fruit pulps were compared among treatments of crushing mesh number including 20-40 meshes,40-60 meshes,60-80 meshes,80-100 meshes,100-180 meshes and>180 meshes.【Result】The results showed that the particulate sizes of treatments with grinding degree of less than 80-100 meshes mainly ranged from 150 to 250μm and those of more than 80-100 meshes from 0 to 50μm.As grinding degree increased,the pH value and the turbidity(D700 nm)of the fruit pulps decreased,the juice yield,the content of soluble solids,the UV absorbance(A280 nm)and the total acid of the pulp aqueous solution increased,the density of the pulp was almost constant,and chrominance L*of the pulp aqueous solution showed increase trend,while chrominance a*and b*values showed decrease trend.When grinding degree increased gradually from 20-40 meshes to 180 meshes,the kinds of free amino acids in K.coccinea fruit pulps increased from 7 to 15,the content of free amino acids increased from 10.87 ng/μL to 50.99 ng/μL;the contents of free polyphenols,combined polyphenols and total polyphenols increased from 7.35,2.20 and 9.55 mg/mL to 15.35,3.28 and 18.63 mg/mL;and the contents of total flavonoids,total polysaccharide,total alkaloids and total anthocyanins from 0.90 mg/mL,0.21μg/mL,1.79 mg/mL and 2.63 mg/100 g to 7.33 mg/mL,0.66μg/mL,12.32 mg/mL and 5.13 mg/100 g,respectively.The contents of nutritional and active components changed fast when grinding degree were less than 80-100 meshes,while changed slowly when more than 80-100 meshes.【Conclusion】Grinding degree of 80-100 meshes is recommended in the production of K.coccinea fruit pulps by wet superfine grinding technique,which can make fruit juice and beverage clear and stable in flavour.