贵州黄牯山自然保护区兽类多样性及特征分析

Species diversity and characteristics of mammals in Guizhou Huanggushan Nature Reserve

【目的】了解贵州黄牯山自然保护区兽类资源群落组成结构、分布特征及其威胁因素,为保护区制定出更合理的保护和管理措施提供理论依据。【方法】综合采用样线调查法、红外相机陷阱法、铗日法、网捕法及非诱导性访问调查法,结合历史资料及相关文献对贵州黄牯山自然保护区的兽类资源进行调查收集,并对保护区内的兽类资源丰富度、与邻近保护区物种相似度进行对比分析。【结果】在贵州黄牯山自然保护区共统计到兽类45种,隶属于8目20科,其中,国家I级保护物种2种(云豹和林麝),国家II级保护物种7种(猕猴、藏酋猴、穿山甲、水獭、小灵猫、斑林狸和中华鬣羚),我国特有种4种(贵州菊头蝠、藏酋猴、林麝和滇绒鼠);列入世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录(IUCN)濒危(EN)等级物种4种(穿山甲、水獭、云豹和林麝),易危(VU)等级物种7种(贵州菊头蝠、小灵猫、斑林狸、豹猫、小麂、毛冠鹿和中华鬣羚),近危(NT)等级物种8种(中鼩鼱、藏酋猴、黄腹鼬、猪獾、狗獾、鼬獾、花面狸和赤麂);列入CITES附录I的物种5种(穿山甲、水獭、斑林狸、云豹和中华鬣羚),CITES附录II的物种4种(猕猴、藏酋猴、豹猫和林麝)。贵州黄牯山自然保护区与梵净山国家级自然保护区的Jaccard相似性系数较高(Cj=0.64),兽类资源组成成分中等相似;与佛顶山国家级自然保护区的Jaccard相似性系数极高(Cj=0.75),兽类资源组成成分极其相似。【结论】贵州黄牯山保护区兽类资源较丰富,但受人为干扰较严重,相关管理部门应做好保护管理工作,并完善相应的管理法规,给予野生物种和生态环境更合理的保护。

【Objective】To further understanding the composition of mammal community and species diversity,and the threat factors in Guizhou Huanggushan Nature Reserve,and provide scientific support for the conservation and management of the reserve.【Method】Line transect,infrared camera trapping,trapping day,net trapping and non-inducing interview were used,and related articles and reviews were collected to investigate the mammal species in Huanggushan Nature Reserve,and abundance of mammals species in the reserve and species similarity compared to neighbour reserves were analyzed.【Result】The result showed that 45 species belonging to 8 orders and 20 families were recorded,including 2 species under class I national protected species(Neofelis nebulosi and Moschus berezovskii),7 species listed as class II national protected species(Macaca mulatta,M.thibetana,Manis pentadactyla,Lutra lutra,Viverricula indica,Prionodon pardicolor and Capricornis milneedwardsii),4 endemic species of China(Rhinolophus rex,Macaca thibetana,Moschus berezovski and Eothenomys eleusis),4 species listed in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List of endangered(EN)species(Manis pentadactyla,Lutra lutra,Neofelis nebulosi and Moschus berezovskii),7 vulnerable(VN)species(Rhinolophus rex,Viverricula indica,Prionodon pardicolor,Prionailurus bengalensis,Muntiacus reevesi,Elaphodus cehalophus and Capricornis milneedwardsii)and 8 near threatened(NT)species(Sorex caecutiens,M.thibetana,Mustela kathiah,Arctonyx collaris,Meles meles,Melogale moschata,Paguma larvatta and M.vaginalis).There were 5 species listed in the CITES appendix I(M.pentadactyla,L.lutra,P.pardicolor,N.nebulosi and C.milneedwardsii)and 4 species of CITES appendix II(Macaca mulatta,M.thibetana,Prionailurus bengalensis and Moschus berezovskii).Jaccard similarity analysis showed that the mammal communities in Huanggushan Nature Reserve and Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve were moderately similar(Cj=0.64),while the mammal communities was in high similarity(Cj=0.75)in Huanggushan Nature Reserve and Fodingshan National Nature Reserve.【Conclusion】It shows that the mammal resources are abundant in Huanggushan Nature Reserve,but they are seriously disturbed by human activities.The management departments of the Huanggushan Nature Reserve should take corresponding measures,and improve the management laws and regulations in order to protect wildlife and its habitat more efficiently.